Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Question 1

What is a psychological disorder?

Answer 1

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typically expected

Question 2

What is a phobia?

Answer 2

A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

Question 3

What’s the criteria that defines a psychological disorder?

Answer 3

• Psychological Dysfunction
• Distress or Impairment
• Atypical Response

Question 4

Define Psychological Dysfunction

Answer 4

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Question 5

Define Personal distress/impairment

Answer 5

Causing emotional and/or physical pain or harm

Question 6

Define Atypical response

Answer 6

A person’s behavior that deviates from the average and violates social norms

Question 7

What is Psychopathology?

Answer 7

Scientific study of psychological disorders

Question 8

Define Scientist-practitioners

Answer 8

Mental-health professionals who take a scientific approach to their clinical work

Question 9

Define “presenting problem”

Answer 9

Why the person came to the clinic

Question 10

What are the three major categories which make up the study of psychological disorders?

Answer 10

1. Clinical Description
2. Causation (etiology)
3. Treatment and Outcome

Question 11

Define Clinical Description

Answer 11

The unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder

Question 12

Define Prevalence

Answer 12

How many people in the population as a whole, who have the disorder

Question 13

Define Incidence

Answer 13

How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period e.g., one year

Question 14

What is a ‘Chronic Course’?

Answer 14

Generally a long-term disorder

Question 15

What is an ‘Episodic Course’?

Answer 15

Disorder that may end after a few months only to reoccur at a later time

Question 16

What is a ‘Time-limited Course’?

Answer 16

The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period

Question 17

Define an ‘Acute Onset’

Answer 17

Disorder begins suddenly

Question 18

What is an ‘Insidious Onset’?

Answer 18

Development of a disorder that occurs gradually over an extended period

Question 19

What is a ‘Prognosis’?

Answer 19

The anticipated course of a disorder

Question 20

What is Developmental Psychology?

Answer 20

The study of changes in behavior over time

Question 21

What is Developmental Psychopathology?

Answer 21

The study of changes in abnormal behavior

Question 22

What is ‘Etiology’?

Answer 22

The study of origins; what causes a disorder and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions

Question 23

What is the Supernatural Model?

Answer 23

Explanation of human behavior & it’s dysfunction that assumes important roles for spirits, and demons

Question 24

Define ‘Exorcism’

Answer 24

Various religious rituals performed in an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits

Question 25

What is 'Saint Vitus's Dance'?

Answer 25

Instance of mass hysteria in which groups of people experienced simultaneous compulsion to dance and shout in the streets

Question 26

What is 'Emotion Contagion'?

Answer 26

The experience of an emotion seemingly spreading to others nearby

Question 27

Who was Hippocrates?

Answer 27

The Greek Physician who is considered the 'father of modern Western medicine' and believed that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease

Question 28

Who was Galen?

Answer 28

The Roman Physician who later adopted Hippocrates ideas and developed them further, to create a powerful and influential thought within the biological tradition

Question 29

What is the 'Humoral Theory of Disorders'?

Answer 29

Normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors: 1. Blood 2. Black Bile 3. Yellow Bile 4. Phlegm

Question 30

What is the 'Biological Model'?

Answer 30

Explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause

Question 31

Define 'Psychosis'

Answer 31

Psychological disorders in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted

Question 32

What is the 'Psychological Model'?

Answer 32

Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not typical

Question 33

What is Psychosocial Treatment?

Answer 33

Treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors, as well as psychological influences

Question 34

What is Moral Therapy?

Answer 34

It's basic premises included treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible

Question 35

Define 'Psychoanalysis'

Answer 35

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 36

Define 'Unconscious'

Answer 36

The part of the mind in which the primary source of human behavior derives from

Question 37

Define 'Catharsis'

Answer 37

The release of emotional material

Question 38

What is the Psychoanalytic Model?

Answer 38

Theory constructed on the development and structure of our personalities

Question 39

What are the three structures of the psyche?

Answer 39

1. The id 2. The Ego 3. The Superego

Question 40

Define the aspects that characterize the 'id'

Answer 40

- The source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings - The energy or drive within the id is the libido - The id is ruled by the 'Pleasure Principle' - Has it's own way of processing information; referred to as the 'primary process' - This type of thinking is emotional, irrational and illogical

Question 41

Define the aspects that characterize the 'ego'

Answer 41

- The ego is ruled by the 'Reality Principle' instead of the 'Pleasure Principle' - The cognitive operations/thinking styles are referred to as the 'secondary process' - This type of thinking is characterized by logic and reason - The role of the 'ego' is to mediate conflict between the 'id' and the 'superego'

Question 42

Define the aspects that characterize the 'superego'

Answer 42

- The superego, or what we might call conscious, represents the 'Moral Principles' instilled in us by our parents and our culture - Purpose is to counteract the potentially dangerous aggressive and sexual drives of the 'id'

Question 43

What are 'Intrapsychic Conflicts'?

Answer 43

Conflicts within the mind that result from the interplay of the 'id', 'ego', and 'superego'

Question 44

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 44

The 'Ego's' protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 45

Define Displacement

Answer 45

A defense mechanism that transfers one's reaction from the original object to a more acceptable one`

Question 46

Define Sublimation

Answer 46

Modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct to one that is socially acceptable

Question 47

Define Projection

Answer 47

A defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else

Question 48

Define Rationalization

Answer 48

A defense mechanism that conceals the true motivation for actions, thoughts, or feelings, through elaborate reassurance but incorrect explanations

Question 49

What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development?

Answer 49

1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic Stage 4. Latency Stage 5. Genital Stage

Question 50

Define the 'Oral Stage'

Answer 50

From birth to about 18 months | -Fixation on the mouth

Question 51

Define the 'Anal Stage'

Answer 51

18 months to about 3 years | -Fixation on passing and retention of feces

Question 52

Define the 'Phallic Stage'

Answer 52

3 years to about 5 or 6 years | -Fixation on genital stimulation

Question 53

Define the 'Latency Stage'

Answer 53

Between ages 6 to 12 | -'Id' impulses do not play a major role in stimulating behavior

Question 54

Define the 'Genital Stage'

Answer 54

12 through to adulthood | -Heterosexual interests predominate

Question 55

What is 'Ego Psychology'?

Answer 55

Failure of the 'ego' to manage impulses and internal conflicts can be attributed to psychological disorders being developed

Question 56

What are Object Relations?

Answer 56

The study of how children incorporate the images, the memories, and sometimes the values of a person who was important to them and to whom they were emotionally attached

Question 57

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 57

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response

Question 58

What is behavior therapy?

Answer 58

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours