Abnormal Curvatures

Question 1

What are the names given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Question 2

What is the definition of lordosis?

Answer 2

a forward bending condition

Question 3

What is the definition of kyphosis?

Answer 3

a humpback or hunchback condition

Question 4

What is the definition of scoliosis?

Answer 4

a warped or crooked condition

Question 5

What is the direction of the curve deviation in lordosis?

Answer 5

to the anterior

Question 6

What is the direction of the curve deviation in kyphosis?

Answer 6

to the posterior

Question 7

What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class?

Answer 7

military neck, humpback or hunchback, and swayback

Question 8

What are curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 8

a kyphosis or hyolordotic curve

Question 9

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

Answer 9

a kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

Question 10

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 10

a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

Question 11

What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis?

Answer 11

an abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation

Question 12

What is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?

Answer 12

the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis

Question 13

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the scoliosis research society?

Answer 13

magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structural scoliosis

Question 14

What does magnitude of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 14

the length and angle of the curve deviation on x-ray

Question 15

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

Answer 15

the Cobb method

Question 16

What does location of scoliosis infer?

Answer 16

the location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

Question 17

What does direction of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 17

the side the convexity of the curve will bend toward

Question 18

What does etiology of scoliosis mean?

Answer 18

the cause of scoliosis

Question 19

What is a structural scoliosis?

Answer 19

a more radical form of scoliosis, it may worsen, associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc, frequently has a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 20

What is nonstructural scoliosis?

Answer 20

a mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, not associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc and lacks a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 21

What are some of the classifications of scoliosis based on etiology?

Answer 21

congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, nerve root irritation, idiopathic

Question 22

What is the classification of scoliosis that is unique to the individual patient?

Answer 22

idiopathic scoliosis

Question 23

What does idiopathic scoliosis infer?

Answer 23

the scoliosis is unique to the individual, it has no known case, unknown etiology

Question 24

What is the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in the population?

Answer 24

1% to 4% of the population

Question 25

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 25

infantile, juvenile, adolescent

Question 26

What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 26

from birth to 3 years old

Question 27

What is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 27

from 3 years old to 10 years old

Question 28

What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 28

over 10 years old

Question 29

Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 29

left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

Question 30

Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 30

right thoracic, females over 6 years old, and 12% -21% incidence

Question 31

Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 31

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females and 80% incidence

Question 32

What is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 32

an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families

Question 33

What is the relationship between cure deviation, incidence and curve worsening?

Answer 33

the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen