Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 4 Schizophrenia

Question 1

A psychotic mental disorder marked by serious impairments in basic psychological functions–attention, perception, thought, emotion, and behavior.

Answer 1

schizophrenia

Question 2

Symptoms associated with schizophrenia, involving distorted or excess behaviors, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, confused thinking, and disorganized speech.

Answer 2

positive symptoms

Question 3

Symptoms associated with schizophrenia, involving a diminution, absence, or loss of normal psychological functions; examples include apathy, flat emotions, lack of self-help skills, and social withdrawal.

Answer 3

negative symptoms

Question 4

Symptoms involving disturbances in the way thinking is organized

Answer 4

formal thought disorder

Question 5

A dimension of disordered behavior ranging from immobility (where a person may maintain awkward body positions for hours at a time, appearing stuporous) to great excitement, extreme motor activity, repetitive gestures or mannerisms, and undirected violent behaviors.

Answer 5

catatonia

Question 6

Loss of the ability to enjoy activities central to a person’s life.

Answer 6

anhedonia

Question 7

Blunted emotionality, often consisting of minimal eye contact, an emotionless face, little or no tone in the voice, and a drab or listless demeanor.

Answer 7

flat affect

Question 8

A negative symptom of schizophrenia involving the failure to say much, if anything, in response to questions or comments.

Answer 8

alogia

Question 9

A mental disorder in which the main symptom is the presence of at least one systematic delusional belief

Answer 9

delusional disorder

Question 10

The sudden onset of psychotic symptoms marked by intense emotional turmoil and confusion.

Answer 10

brief psychotics disorder

Question 11

Beginning of a disorder shortly after giving birth.

Answer 11

postpartum onset

Question 12

A disorder in which people experience symptom of schizophrenia for only a few months.

Answer 12

schizophreniform disorder

Question 13

A mental disorder in which the person displays symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder without satisfying the full criteria for either diagnosis.

Answer 13

schizoaffective disorder

Question 14

A mental disorder in which a person experiences psychotic symptoms beyond what is expected from intoxication or withdrawal from a substance, and in which the person is not aware that the substance is producing the psychotic symptoms.

Answer 14

substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder

Question 15

The time period before the prodrome, in which it is possible to identify delays in early neurodevelopment (e.g, not meeting key pediatric milestones) that may suggest an increased risk of developing schizophrenia in the future.

Answer 15

premorbid phase

Question 16

The usual first phase of schizophrenia in which there is an insidious onset of problems, suggesting psychological deterioration.

Answer 16

prodromal phase

Question 17

The stage of schizophrenia during which one or more psychotic symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations, appear.

Answer 17

active phase (of schizophrenia)

Question 18

A stage of schizophrenia during which most psychotic symptoms have subsided in frequency and intensity; the affected person may still be withdrawn and at times, and continue to show social and occupational impairments.

Answer 18

residual phase (of schizophrenia)

Question 19

the risk of individuals developing a disorder over their lifetime.

Answer 19

morbidity risk

Question 20

A model that explains how a mental disorder can result from the interaction of a predisposition (diathesis) for a disorder with a trigger (stressor) that converts the predisposition into the actual disorder.

Answer 20

diathesis-stress model

Question 21

The finding that a greater proportion of people with schizophrenia are born in the winter or early spring months, when, in utero, they would presumably have been more likely to be exposed to viral infections that could affect brain development.

Answer 21

season-of-birth effect

Question 22

A cavity in the center of the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 22

ventricle

Question 23

The area of the cerebral cortex that controls executive functions, such as planning and carrying out goal-directed activities.

Answer 23

frontal lobe

Question 24

A key structure in the forebrain that receives, analyzes, and sends on information from all the sense except smell

Answer 24

thalamus

Question 25

Diminished activity in the frontal lobe of the brain

Answer 25

hypofrontality

Question 26

Also called the “social selection hypothesis”, it explains higher rates of mental disorders among lower socioeconomic groups as the consequence of disordered people sinking to lower socioeconomic levels because of their disorders.

Answer 26

social drift hypothesis

Question 27

A theory suggesting that stress, poverty, racism, inferior education, unemployment, and sociocultural risk factors leading to mental disorders.

Answer 27

A social causation theory

Question 28

A formerly popular term for a type of mother thought to cause schizophrenia in her children by her domineering, overprotective, cold and rigid manner and her discomfort with physical intimacy.

Answer 28

schizophrenogenic mother

Question 29

An early theory suggesting that schizophrenia could arise from the confusion produced when a child was raised by parents who communicated incompatible messages to the child.

Answer 29

double-bind hypothesis

Question 30

A measure of the family environment describing criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement with a person; a risk factor for relapse of mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

Answer 30

expressed emotion (ET)

Question 31

A chemically similar group of neuroleptic drugs that act by blocking specific neurotransmitter receptors.

Answer 31

phenothiazines

Question 32

A drug that blocks the action of neurotransmitters in the brain, thereby relieving many positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 32

neuroleptic

Question 33

A group of side effects that result from neuroleptic drugs, consisting of movement abnormalities, such as tremors, rigidity, spasms, and agitation.

Answer 33

extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 34

An extrapyramidal side effect of some neuroleptic drugs, leading to symptoms that mimic Parkinson’s disease, such as tremors, shuffling gait, blank facial expression, muscular weakness and rigidity, and slowed movement.

Answer 34

Parkinsonism

Question 35

An extrapyramidal side effect of some neuroleptics, involving tics in the head, neck, and face.

Answer 35

acute dystonia

Question 36

An extrapyramidal side effect of some neuroleptics, involving uncontrollable restlessness and agitation.

Answer 36

acute akathesia

Question 37

An extrapyramidal side effect of some neuroleptic drugs, involving spasmodic jerks, tics, and twitches of the face, tongue, trunk, and limbs, as well as speech impairment.

Answer 37

tardive dyskinesia (TD)

Question 38

A rare side effect of neuroleptic drugs that is potentially fatal and involves extremely high fever, muscle rigidity, and irregular heart rate and blood pressure.

Answer 38

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Question 39

Drugs that do not have the same biochemical or physiological effects as standard neuroleptics.

Answer 39

atypical antipsychotics

Question 40

A hospital program that intends to resocialize patients with severe mental disorders so that they can learn how to manage their lives better and engage in appropriate behavior in the community.

Answer 40

milieu program

Question 41

A procedure that uses operant reinforcement principles to alter the behaviors of individuals or groups by giving tokens (such as poker chips) that can be exchanged for other tangible rewards.

Answer 41

token economy

Question 42

A movement that promotes the idea that individuals recovering from mental disorders should be able to successfully live and work in the community, enjoy active social lives, attend school, and maintain a healthy lifestyle, all while managing their own disorders with the supports that they may need.

Answer 42

recovery movement

Question 43

A set of interventions focused on preventing unnecessary hospitalizations, reducing impairments in daily functioning, and strengthening independent living skills by teaching patients with severe mental disorders how to cope with these disorders.

Answer 43

psychosocial rehabilitation

Question 44

An intensive and highly integrated approach for community mental health service delivery, ACT programs serve outpatients whose mental disorders result in serious functioning difficulties in several major areas of life, often including work, social relationships, residential independence, money management, and physical health and wellness.

Answer 44

assertive community treatment (ACT)