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OBSTETRIC PATHOLOGY > ABNORMAL UMBLICAL CORD > Flashcards

ABNORMAL UMBLICAL CORD Flashcards

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1
Q

Umbilical cord length in the first trimester

A

Is same length as CRL

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2
Q

Normal cord length

A

40 -60cm

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3
Q

Short umbilical cord length

A

< 35cm in length

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4
Q

Absence of cord twisting indirect sign of

A

Decreased feral movement

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5
Q

Obstetric problems seen with short umbilical cord

A

Preterm delivery
Decrease heart rate during delivery
Meconium staining

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6
Q

If - cord completed atretic

A

Fetus attached directly to placenta at umbilicus emphalocele is always present

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7
Q

Long umblicalcord

A

> 80cm

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8
Q

Long umblical cord associated with

A

Nuchal cord
True cord knots
Card compression
Cord presentation
Prolapse of cord
Umbilical cord stricture or torsion
Due to excessive feral motion

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9
Q

Variations in card diameter attributed to

A

Defuse accumulation of Wharton’s jelly

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10
Q

Umbilical cord masses

A

-cystic mass
Omphalocele
Gastroschisis
Umbilical herniation
Teratoma of umbilical cord
Aneurysm
Varix of cord
Hematoma
True knot of the cord
Angioma
Thrombosis

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11
Q

Omphalocele

A

Failure of - intestines to return to abdomen
Single loop of bowel or most of intestine

Covered by epithelium of cord

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12
Q

Gastroschisis

A

A right paralumbical defect involving all layers of abdominal wall

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13
Q

Castroshisis measurement

A

2-4 Cm

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14
Q

Castroshisis

A

Small bowelalway eviscerates through defect خارج می‌شود
Loops of bowel never covered by membrane

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15
Q

What blood factor is elevated in Gastroshisis
And why

A

AFP is elevated BCS gastroshisis directly exposed to AF

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16
Q

Umbilical herniation

A

When intestine return a normally in abdominal cavity
Prenatally or postnatally
Through inadequately
Closed umbilicus

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17
Q

At the cord insertion level using color Doppler
The umbilical arteries entering the abdomen in a normal location that excludes

A

Diagnosis of emphalocele

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18
Q

Omphalamesentric cyst

A

Cystic lesion of cord caused by persistence and dilation of segment of emphalo mesentric duct
Lined by epithelium of gastrointestinal

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19
Q

Cord cyst affect females over males
Closer to feral Cord insertion

A

Omphalamesentric cyst

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20
Q

Associated with the condition of Meckels diverticulum

A

Omphalomesentric cyst

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21
Q

Hemangioma of the cord

A

From transepitherial cells of vessels of umbilical cord
Surrounded by edema and myxomatous degeneration of Whartons jelly حاوی موکویید

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22
Q

Sites of origin of hemangioma of the cord

A

Main vessels of umbilical cord
Involve more than one vessel

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23
Q

What abnormality of the umbilical cord may develop nonimmune hydros

Study These Flashcards
A

Hemangioma of the cord

24
Q

Hematoma of the cord

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A

If blood clot new, mass is hyperechnic
If old, hype ethnicand separated
47% to 52% with feral mortality

25
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels
Occlusion of one or more cord vessels
26
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels primarily occurs in
Umbrical vein
27
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels incidence higher in
Infants of diabetic mother
28
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels secondary to
Torsion Knotting Looping Compression Hematoma
29
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels Look for
Aneurysmal dilation of cord Presense of feral hydros
30
Umbilical cord knots divided
True knots False knots
31
Cord knots increase
Incidence of congenital anomalies
32
Cord knots associated with
Long cords Polyhydramnios IUGR Mono-amniotic twins Decreased velocity in the blood flow
33
False knots of the cord
Blood vessels are longer than cord
34
Often folded on themselves und produce modulations on surface of cord
False knots of the cord
35
Most common cord entanglement in fetus
Nuchal cord
36
Umbilical cord insertion Abnormalities
Marginal insertion Circumvallate placenta Velamentous Succenturiate lobe
37
Battledore or marginal insertion of the cord complications
When cord inserted near internal os Labor may cause cord to prolapse Become compressed during contractions
38
Membranous or velamentous cord insertion Iî risk of
Thrombosis Cord rupture during delivery Vasa previa
39
Vasa previa and prolapse of The cord is high risk when
Fetus in transverse or breech presentation
40
Vasa previa and prolapse of The cord meaning
Presence of umbrical cord vessels crossing internal OS
41
Vasa previa and prolapse of The cord reason for high mortality rate
Ranging from 60 to 70% Caused from rupture of vessels and fetal Exsanguination
42
Single umbilical Artery more frequent
Miscarriage Autopsy series
43
Single umbilical artery associated anomalies affected other organs such as
Musculoskeletal Genitourinary Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal Central nervous
44
Single umbilical artery complications and risks
Congenital anomalies Increase incidence of IUGR Prenatal mortality Incidence of chrome sal abnormality Trisomy 18,13,21 Turner's syndrome Triploidy
45
Varix of the umbilical vein
Aneurysm and Varix Focal dilation umbilical cord vessels Artery and vein
46
Focal dilation of the umbilical vein always
Intraabdeminal Extrahepatic
47
Regression of right umbilical vein happens in
By 6 weeks Umbilical vein enters refi portal vein directly
48
Sonographic diagnosis of persistent right umblical vein is
Umbilical vein curves towards the stomach Fetal GB is medially to the umbilical vein Btw the stomach and The umbilical vein
49
single umbilical artery This finding is associated with: C
This finding is associated with: a. fetal demise b. premature labor c. multifetal gestations d. maternal diabetes mellitus
50
37. Which of the following is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect?
37. Which of the following is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect? a. basal plate ***b. subchorionic c. within a placental lake d. within the retroplacental complex
51
•Cystic mass
•Cystic mass › cord usually omphalomesel allantoic in origin Generally small (<2 cm) •Near fetal end of cord Resolve by second trimester Cysts that persist beyond first trimester us associated with other fetal anomalies and aneuploidy
52
Angioma of the cord (well-circumscribed echogenic
Angioma of the cord (well-circumscribed echogenic mass that may cause cardiac failure and hydrops; alpha-fetoprotein level is increased; associated with a cyst caused by transudation of fluid from a hemangioma)
53
Thrombosis of cord
secondary to compression or kinking, focal cord mass, true cord knots, velamentous cord insertion, cord entanglement in monoamniotic twins (commonly seen with fetal demise)
54
Omphalomesenteric Cyst
Omphalomesenteric Cyst • Is closer to fetal cord insertion • Varies in size (up to 6 cm) • Affects females over males with ratio of 5:3 • May be associated with the condition of Mecke diverticulum
55
Hemangioma of the Cord
•Sites of origin are main vessels of umbilical cord; may involve more than one vessel. Rare • When found near placental end of cord, size varies from small to large (up to 15 cm). • Fetus may develop nonimmune hydrops.
56
Membranous or Velamentous Insertion of
• Associated with: • Higher risk of low birth weight Small for gestational age Preterm delivery Low Apgar scores Abnormal intrapartum fetal HR pattern
57
Cord Presentation and Prolapse
Conditions predisposing to cord presentation and prolapse are as follo Abnormal fetal presentation • • Nonengagement of fetus because of prematurity Long umbilical cord • Abnormal bony pelvic inlet • Leiomyomas Polyhydramnios v Vasa previa Velamentous insertion of cord Marginal insertion of cord in low-lying placenta • Incompetent cervix with PROM

OBSTETRIC PATHOLOGY (7 decks)

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