Absolute Monarchs in Europe

Question 1

What was the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 1

A new way of thinking about the natural world based on observation and questioning accepted beliefs.

Question 2

What was the Geocentric Theory?

Answer 2

The Medival view of an earth-centered universe

Question 3

What was the Heliocentric Theory?

Answer 3

Nicolas Copernicus’ theory of a sun-centered universe

Question 4

Who discovered elliptical orbit?

Answer 4

Johannes Kepler

Question 5

What tool did Galileo popularize?

Answer 5

The telescope

Question 6

What book did Galileo write?

Answer 6

The Starry Messenger

Question 7

Why didnt” Galileo and the church get along?

Answer 7

His findings went against church teachings

Question 8

Whose theories did Galileo support?

Answer 8

Coppernicus

Question 9

What was the Scientific Method?

Answer 9

A procedure for gathering and testing ideas

Question 10

What were the steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 10

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion

Question 11

What was Francis Bacon famous for?

Answer 11

Expermentation

Question 12

What was Rene Descartes famous for?

Answer 12

Mathematics and logic

Question 13

What was Isaac Newton famous for?

Answer 13

Universal gravitation/ an orderly universe

Question 14

Who invented the telescope?

Answer 14

Zacharias Janssen

Question 15

Who invented the barometer?

Answer 15

Evangelista Torricelli

Question 16

Who invented the first vaccine and what illness was it for?

Answer 16

Edward Jenner; small pox

Question 17

When was the Age of Reason?

Answer 17

Mid 1700s

Question 18

Who invented the thermometer?

Answer 18

Gabriel Farenheit and Anders Celcius

Question 19

What book did Thomas Hobbes write?

Answer 19

Leviathan

Question 20

What philosophy did Thomas Hobbes popularize?

Answer 20

Social Contract

Question 21

What was the social contract?

Answer 21

Exchange rights to a strong ruler for law and order

Question 22

What philosophies did John Locke popularize?

Answer 22

Natural Rights and the purpose of governmen being to protect those rights

Question 23

What were the natural rights?

Answer 23

Life, Liberty, and Property

Question 24

What were the 5 major themes of the philosophy in the Enlightenment?

Answer 24

Reason, nature, happiness on Earth

Question 25

Who was Voltaire?

Answer 25

An author known for his satire

Question 26

What were Voltaire's main themes?

Answer 26

Tolerance, reason, religous freedom, and freedom of speech

Question 27

What philosphy did Baron de Montesquieu popularize?

Answer 27

Seperation of Powers

Question 28

What was seperation of powers?

Answer 28

Checks and balances

Question 29

What philosophy did Jean Jaques Rousseau popularize?

Answer 29

Direct Democracy

Question 30

What is direct democracy?

Answer 30

All people are equal

Question 31

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?

Answer 31

A early spokeswoman for woman's rights

Question 32

What philosophies did Mary Wollstonecraft popularize?

Answer 32

"Equality" should extend to women

Question 33

What did Mary Wollstonecraft urge other women to do?

Answer 33

Become useful

Question 34

What was Beccaria interested in?

Answer 34

The justice system

Question 35

What philosophy did Beccaria popularize?

Answer 35

The punishment should fit the crime

Question 36

What were salons?

Answer 36

Social gatherings to discuss ideas

Question 37

Who invented the Encyclopedia?

Answer 37

Denis Diderot

Question 38

who were some major classical composers of the Enlightenment?

Answer 38

Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn

Question 39

What wetre despots?

Answer 39

Monarchs

Question 40

Who was the "first servent of the state" and which country did he rule?

Answer 40

Frederick the Great; Prussia

Question 41

What country did Joseph II rule?

Answer 41

Austria

Question 42

What major changes did Joseph II implement while in office?

Answer 42

He abolished serfdom and enacted freedom of the press and freedom of religion

Question 43

Which country did Catherine the Great rule?

Answer 43

Russia

Question 44

What did Catherine the Great do while in office?

Answer 44

She limited reforms and expanded Russia

Question 45

What was the legacy of the Enlightenment?

Answer 45

Belief in progess, a more secular outlook, and importance of the individual

Question 46

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

Answer 46

July 4th, 1776