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Acp History 9 > Absolutism > Flashcards

Absolutism Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is Absolutism?

A

A system where the ruler holds absolute power over the government and people’s lives

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2
Q

Define Monarch.

A

A king or queen who rules a territory, usually for life and by hereditary right

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3
Q

What is the opposite of a constitutional government?

A

Absolutism

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4
Q

What idea was Absolutism tied to in 17th Century Europe?

A

The divine right of kings

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5
Q

What does ‘Divine right’ mean?

A

The belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God

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6
Q

What characterized Absolute Monarchies?

A
  • Centralization of power
  • Concept of rule by divine right
  • Power of a Monarch
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7
Q

What powers did absolute monarchs have?

A
  • Make laws
  • Levy taxes
  • Administer justice
  • Control the state’s officials
  • Determine foreign policy
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8
Q

What was the condition of rights under Absolutism?

A

Most people did not have any rights at all

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9
Q

Who was Philip II?

A

King of Spain who reigned from 1527-1598 as an absolute monarch

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10
Q

What was Philip II’s main goal as a ruler?

A

Advancing Catholicism and increasing Spain’s power

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11
Q

What was a significant tool for Philip II to extend Spanish power?

A

Marriage alliances

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12
Q

What was the Spanish Armada?

A

A fleet of warships prepared by Philip II to invade England

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13
Q

What was the outcome of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A

Defeated by the lighter, faster English ships

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14
Q

What was Louis XIV known as?

A

The Sun King

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15
Q

What symbol did Louis XIV take to represent his power?

A

The sun

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16
Q

What was the purpose of Versailles?

A

It served as Louis XIV’s home and the seat of the government

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17
Q

What was the ‘levee’?

A

A major ritual in Louis XIV’s bedroom marking the start of the day

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18
Q

What was one way Louis XIV weakened France’s economy?

A

Waging wars to expand France’s borders drained the treasury

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19
Q

Who was Peter I the Great?

A

A Russian ruler who reigned from 1682-1725 and sought to modernize Russia

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20
Q

What policy did Peter I embark on?

A

Westernization

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21
Q

What did Peter I aim to achieve with his reforms?

A
  • Strengthen the military
  • Expand Russian borders
  • Centralize royal power
  • Westernize Russia
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22
Q

What was St. Petersburg?

A

A city built by Peter I as a symbol of Russia’s westernization

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23
Q

What was Catherine II known for?

A

Being a capable and ruthless absolute monarch

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24
Q

What was the Edict of Nantes?

Study These Flashcards
A

A decree that granted Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms

25
What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution?
It led to the development of constitutional government in England
26
What is a Limited Monarchy?
A monarchy where the powers of the ruler are restricted by a constitution or laws
27
What role did Parliament play in England?
It controlled the finances and was England’s legislative body
28
What did the English Civil War lead to?
A conflict between the monarchy and Parliament over governance
29
What was the main conflict in the English Civil War?
Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
30
Who were the Early Stuarts?
Monarchs including Charles I, Charles II, and James II
31
What did the Restoration refer to?
The period when Charles II was restored to the throne
32
What was the English Bill of Rights?
A document that limited the powers of the monarchy and outlined the rights of Parliament
33
What belief did James I hold regarding kingship?
Divine right of kings ## Footnote Kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.
34
What significant version of the Bible was published during James I's reign?
King James version of the Bible, published in 1611
35
What was one of the major conflicts that began during James I's reign?
The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)
36
What fatal belief did James I hand down to his son, Charles I?
Belief in the divine right of kings combined with disdain for Parliament
37
What document did Charles I agree to in 1628?
Petition of Right
38
List the four key restrictions imposed by the Petition of Right.
* Imprison subjects without due cause * Levy taxes without Parliament’s consent * House soldiers in private homes * Impose martial law in peacetime
39
How did Charles I respond to the Petition of Right?
Ignored it because it limited his power
40
What did the Petition of Right signify regarding the relationship between law and monarchy?
It set forth the idea that the law was higher than the king
41
What was the outcome of Charles I's attempt to arrest Parliament’s leaders in January 1642?
They escaped and a mob of Londoners raged outside the palace
42
What were the two opposing sides in the English Civil War?
* Cavaliers (Supporters of the king) * Roundheads (Puritan supporters of Parliament)
43
Who led the New Model Army during the English Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell
44
What was the significance of Charles I's execution in 1649?
First time a reigning monarch faced a public trial and execution by his own people
45
What form of government was established in England after the execution of Charles I?
Commonwealth of England
46
Who ruled during the Commonwealth period from 1649 to 1653?
Cromwell with Rump Parliament
47
What title did Cromwell hold during his rule?
Lord Protector
48
What happened to Cromwell's remains after the Royalists returned to power?
His corpse was dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded
49
What was restored in England under Charles II from 1660 to 1685?
The monarchy
50
Who became king after Charles II's death in 1685?
James II
51
What was the Glorious Revolution?
Parliament invited William of Orange to rule England, leading to almost no violence
52
What was a key provision of the Bill of Rights 1689?
Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes
53
What did the Bill of Rights establish regarding standing armies?
Could be raised only with Parliament’s consent
54
What were the monarchs required to accept in order to rule after the Glorious Revolution?
The Bill of Rights
55
What unique status did William and Mary hold in British history?
Only monarchs to have reigned jointly
56
Fill in the blank: The Bill of Rights established a __________ monarchy.
constitutional
57
What was one of the main provisions regarding freedom in the Bill of Rights?
Freedom from arbitrary arrest
58
What religious requirement was established for the monarchy in the Bill of Rights?
The monarch must be a Protestant
59
What age is commonly referred to when discussing the rule of absolute power?
Age of Absolutism

Acp History 9 (3 decks)

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