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social studies mr andrzejcak > absolutism > Flashcards

absolutism Flashcards

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1
Q

saw himself as the defender of Catholicism and fought wars to make the world Catholic

A

King Philip II of Spain

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2
Q

how many troops did Philip II send to the Netherlands to crush Calvinism in a territory that he controlled

A

10,000

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3
Q

defended the Netherlands and fought against Philip for over 40 years

A

William the silent

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4
Q

wanted all of the world to be Catholic

sent the largest armada in history to attack England

A

King Philip II

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5
Q

Protestant nation ruled by queen Elizabeth I

began an empire

A

England

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6
Q

sailed for the English and met the armada in the English Channel
defeated the armada

A

sir Francis drake

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7
Q

who will never dominate the world again

A

Spain

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8
Q

French Protestants living under Catholic ruled r

France

A

Huguenots

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9
Q

what percentage of French nobles were hugenots but the king was Catholicism

A

50%

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10
Q

1600

A

Spain’s economy was slowing down

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11
Q

what did Spain’s economy depend on

A

gold and silver

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12
Q

loss of what merchants was hurting the economy

A

Muslim and Jewish

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13
Q

why did European population begin to decline by the 1600s

A

warfare, plague, and famine

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14
Q

what was strongly believed in during the 16th and 17th centuries

A

witchcraft

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15
Q

how many people were executed due to witchcraft

A

over 60,000

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16
Q

began in 1618 between Catholics and Protestants

the last of the religious wars

A

30 years war

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17
Q

ended the war and stated that more than 300 states of the holy roman empire were now independent
Holy Roman Empire is gone

A

peace of Westphalia

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18
Q

dies in 1603

A

queen Elizabeth I

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19
Q

Elizabeth’s cousin (king of Scotland) takes over
supported the Church of England
divine right of kings

A

King James I

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20
Q

takes over after King James I

believed in the divine right of kings

A

Charles I

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21
Q

passed a petition of rights placing limits on the Kings ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause in 1628

A

parliament

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22
Q

fled to America due to King Charles

A

puritans

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23
Q

civil war breaks out in England between …

A

cavaliers and Roundheads

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24
Q

who won the civil war due to their leader, Oliver Cromwell

A

Roundheads

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25
who did parliament execute
Charles I
26
a republic created on January 30th, 1649
commonwealth
27
who came to power and instituted a military dictatorship and canceled any celebration
Oliver Cromwell
28
given the throne by the military once Oliver Cromwell died | restoration
Charles II
29
Charles II passed laws favoring who
Catholics
30
what did Charles II convert to on his deathbed
Catholicism
31
who takes over once Charles II dies is Catholic, which parliament does not like has a Catholic son but 2 Protestant daughters
James II
32
English nobles invite William of orange and his wife Mary to take over the throne as long as...
they signed the English bill of rights
33
once the English bill of rights is signed this is known as what becUse almost no blood was shed
glorious revolution
34
allowed parliament to make laws and levy taxes | King and Queen could not get rid of the parliament
constitutional monarchy
35
who formed a constitutional monarchy
William and Mary
36
what had become highly militant by 1560 which caused wars between religious groups to break out across Europe
Calvinism and Catholicism
37
how did people seek more stability in the 17th century
increased monarchs power
38
a system in which a ruler holds total power
absolutism
39
rulers received their power from God and were responsible to no one except God
divine right of kings
40
what did kings have the ability to do
``` make laws impose taxes administer justice control officials determine foreign policy ```
41
became King at only 23 years old and already had thoughts of being an absolute ruler known as the sun god did not like hugenots or nobles
Louis XIV
42
hugenots and nobles were executed by King Louis XIV in order for him to get more power
bartholomeu day massacre
43
``` followed mercantilism pursued anti-Protestant policy built roads and canals provided subsidies to new businesses raised tariffs on foreign goods waged 4 wars throughout his rule ```
Louis XIV
44
a kingdom in Germany
Prussia
45
laid the foundation for the Prussian state
Fredrick William the great elector
46
an empire in eastern and southeastern Europe | created by the hapsburgs
Austrian empire
47
a new Russian state emerges | countries begin to form
15th century
48
who became the first ruler to take the title of czar thought everyone was after him, including his son stabbed his pen son to death
Ivan IV (Ivan the terrible)
49
chosen to be the new czar after Ivan IV dies in 1613
Michael Romanov
50
absolute monarchist who believed in the divine right to rule takes over in 1689 westernization
Peter the great
51
ended with the rise if mannerism in the 1520s
Renaissance art
52
captured more feeling and emotion through their art and often disregarded balance and proportion
mannerism
53
captured the religious upheaval of time with his elongated figures and disturbing works
el Greco
54
replaced mannerism and focused on showing the power of the patron
baroque art
55
wrote don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes
56
political philosopher that supported absolutism
Thomas Hobbes
57
most famous book was leviathan | believed the unchecked power of the ruler was necessary to maintain order
Hobbes
58
gave up all of our rights to an absolute ruler who could crush rebellion and keep order
social contract
59
political philosopher opposed to absolutism
John Locke
60
believed that we are all free and no one was superior to anyone else believed we have natural rights.. life, liberty, and property
state on nature
61
created not to destroy those rights but to protect the. and if a government did not protect those rights it should be overthrown
social contract | Locke
62
clean slate
tabular rasa

social studies mr andrzejcak (9 decks)

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