enlighhtenment

Question 1

an eighteenth century philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievements of the scientific revolution

Answer 1

the enlightenment

Question 2

the role to change the world

Answer 2

philosophy

Question 3

well known for his criticism of Christianity and strong belief in religious toleration
fought against religious intolerance in France
wrote treatise on toleration in 1763
reminded governments that “all men are brothers under God”

Answer 3

Voltaire

Question 4

an eighteenth century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law

Answer 4

deism

Question 5

championed deism

Answer 5

Voltaire

Question 6

wrote the encyclopedia
“changed the general way of thinking”
attacked religious superstition and supported religious toleration
called for social, legal, and political reforms
spread enlightenment ideas

Answer 6

Denis Diderot

Question 7

a French group that was interested in identifying the natural economic laws that governed human society
viewed as the founders of modern social science of economics

Answer 7

the physiocrats

Question 8

Scottish philosopher

the wealth of nations

Answer 8

Adam smith

Question 9

the state or government should not interfere in economic matters by imposing regulations on the economy

Answer 9

laissez faire

Question 10

proposed a new approach to justice
wrote “on crimes and punishments”
argued that punishments should not be exercises in brutality
opposed capital punishment
“is not absurd, that the laws, which punish murder, should, in order to prevent murder, publicly, commit murder themselves?”

Answer 10

cesare beccaria

Question 11

wrote “discourse on the origins of the inequality of mankind” which argued that people had adopted laws and government in order to preserve their private property
made “the social contract” which means an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

Answer 11

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 12

many Europeans in the 18th century were _______

90-95 percent of Catholic population went to mass on Easter Sunday

Answer 12

Christians

Question 13

what was the most famous new religious movement that was the work of John Wesley

Answer 13

Methodism

Question 14

Anglican minister
mystical experience in which “the gist of gods grace” assured him of America a missionary to the English people to bring them the glad tidings of salvation
his Methodism gave the lower and middle classes in English society a sense of purpose and community

Answer 14

John Wesley

Question 15

applying the scientific method to their physical world, these thinkers, or philosophers, reexamined all aspects of life- from government and justice to religion and women’s rights

Answer 15

the enlightenment

Question 16

second oldest of 7 children and grew up with a dad who drank heavily and abused her mother so much that mary would have to sleep in front of her mothers door to protect her from him

Answer 16

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 17

left home at age 19 to pursue a life dedicated to writing and then
helped her sister deal with depression
demonstrated her willingness to challenge social norms

Answer 17

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 18

became a translator and literacy advisor to Joseph Johnson, the publisher of radical texts
wrote and published the vindication of the rights of men in 1790
wrote and published the vindication of the rights of woman in 1792

Answer 18

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 19

attempted suicide twice but failed

died 10 days after giving birth to her daughter Mary

Answer 19

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 20

huge advocator of gender equality
held countless statements directed to anti feminists such as Edmund Burke
the founder of feminism

Answer 20

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 21

studied medicine at the university of Oxford

died to a decline of health in 1704

Answer 21

John Locke

Question 22

became active in politics in the 70’s
became secretary of board of trade and plantations
published “a letter concerning toleration” and “two treatises of government”

Answer 22

John Locke

Question 23

believed people are born with a blank slate that will later be filled with experience
stated that students needed to be treated better and the current curriculum in schools and colleges needed to be broadened

Answer 23

John Locke

Question 24

ideas were put into the US constitution and the Declaration of Independence
influenced other enlightenment thinkers
influenced Thomas Jeffersons views
influenced school systems of today

Answer 24

John Locke

Question 25

``` invented .... keplarian telescope log books rudolphine tables austronomia nova ```

Answer 25

Johannes Kepler

Question 26

created three laws (philosophies) the law of ellipses the law of equal areas the law of harmonies

Answer 26

johannes Kepler

Question 27

the oath of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. explains that the planets orbit around the sun

Answer 27

the law of ellipses

Question 28

an imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time says that when the planets spin around the sun, when it is closer it moves faster

Answer 28

the law of equal areas

Question 29

the ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planet is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distance from the sun provides an accurate description of the period and distance for a planets orbits around the sun

Answer 29

the law of harmonies

Question 30

German mathematician said the earth was the center of the universe his idea was correct except for where Mercury was

Answer 30

johannes Kepler

Question 31

entered kings school in 1585 transferred to caius college in 1593 and earned his BA began to study medicine at the university of Padua in Italy

Answer 31

William Harvey

Question 32

earned his doctor of medicine from Padua earned a second MD from Cambridge university joined college of physicians died of a stroke

Answer 32

William Harvey

Question 33

studied the human body | discovered that the heart of the main source of blood movement not the liver

Answer 33

William Harvey

Question 34

constructed a telescope supported the Copernicus theory accused twice of heresy by the church studied medicine at the university of Pisa published the operations of the geometrical and military compass

Answer 34

Galileo galilei

Question 35

constructed a hydrostatic balance for measuring small objects published "the starry messenger" founded that Venus had phases like the moon proving it rotated around the sun discovered that Jupiter had revealing moons which did not revolve around earth

Answer 35

Galileo galilei

Question 36

published his discoveries on bodies in water published his observations of sunspots designed an escapement mechanism for a pendulum clock did not believe in keplers theory accomplished luten

Answer 36

Galileo

Question 37

mathematician and astronomer during the Renaissance believed the universe revolved around the sun (heliocentric) important consequences for later thinkers of the scientific revolution

Answer 37

nicolaus Copernicus

Question 38

wrote "little commentary" which was not printed until the year of his death believed that if the sun is assumed to be at rest, the earth is believed to be in motion

Answer 38

nicolaus Copernicus

Question 39

he was a philosopher, astronomer, physicist, scientist and mathematician discovered several laws and theories of physics and motion known as newtons laws

Answer 39

sir Isaac Newton

Question 40

first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force mostly known for the universal law of gravity

Answer 40

sir Isaac Newton

Question 41

wrote "quaestiones quaedam philosophicae" and "principia" invented the reflecting telescope elected as a member of parliament in 1689 second scientist to be knighted

Answer 41

sir Isaac Newton

Question 42

wrote the most influential documents on physics developed the principles of modern physics laid the foundation for the creation of modern calculus

Answer 42

sir Isaac Newton

Question 43

created the scientific method not a scientist, but a philosopher thought they should rely on nature and inductive reasoning for his information wrote "the great instauration"math at stated the process of thinking was the attorney general and lord chancellor of England

Answer 43

Francis bacon

Question 44

took up Aristotelian ideas, arguing for empirica, inductive approach attended trinity college when he was 12 enrolled in a law program at honorable society at grays inn accepted into a member of Cornwall in the House of Commons in 1581

Answer 44

Francis bacon

Question 45

held his place in parliament for almost 4 decades until he was kicked out because of his beliefs in science died of pneumonia

Answer 45

Francis bacon