Absolutism & Enlightenment

Question 1

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 1

King and queen had full power over countries

Question 2

Divine right

Answer 2

A political and religious doctrine of the political legitimacy of a monarchy.

Question 3

Versailles

Answer 3

King Louis XIV former castle/home

Question 4

Huguenots

Answer 4

French Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who followed the teachings of theologian John Calvin.

Question 5

Edict of Nantes

Answer 5

Effectively ended the French Wars of Religion by granting official tolerance to Protestantism

Question 6

Westernization

Answer 6

The adoption of the practices and culture of Western Europe by societies and countries in other parts of the world,

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

The last king of France before the French Revolution

Question 8

Glorious Revolution

Answer 8

The events that led to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688.

Question 9

The English bill of rights

Answer 9

Firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament

Question 10

Peter the Great

Answer 10

Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725.

Question 11

The enlightenment

Answer 11

The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the value of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge obtained by means of reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.

Question 12

The spread of Enlightenment

Answer 12

The Enlightenment spread through- out Europe with the help of books, magazines, and word of mouth.

Question 13

Salons

Answer 13

A place where civilians of all social classes could gather and discuss ideas.

Question 14

Philosophe/Philosopher

Answer 14

Public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.

Question 15

Two Treatises of Government

Answer 15

The main idea expressed in John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government is that we can use the idea of a state of nature to justify a proper government.

Question 16

Censorship

Answer 16

Censorship as a means of controlling communication

Question 17

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 17

The belief in the king’s right to wield supreme and unchecked power over his subjects.

Question 18

John Locke

Answer 18

Defended the absolute monarchy

Question 19

Voltaire

Answer 19

Voltaire wanted France to eventually become a constitutional monarchy, but did not think that was likely, so he proposed that the absolute monarch surround himself with philosophers to help make rational, reasonable decisions.

Question 20

Rousseau

Answer 20

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century Europe.

Question 21

Montesquieu

Answer 21

In a direct challenge to this notion of absolutism, Montesquieu proposed that a better legal and political system was one in which power was decentralized and separated into branches of government.

Question 22

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 22

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights.

Question 23

Vindication of the Rights of Women

Answer 23

In it, Wollstonecraft argues that women should have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be “companions” to their husbands, rather than just wives.

Question 24

Adam Smith

Answer 24

Smith’s importance, besides founding the discipline of economics itself, was that he applied precisely the same kind of Enlightenment ideas and ideals to market exchange

Question 25

Natural Rights

Answer 25

Those that are not dependent on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government, and so are universal, fundamental and inalienable