The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Why Britain first

Answer 1

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around 1760 and many of the technological innovations were of British origin.

Question 2

Tenement

Answer 2

Single-family buildings divided into multiple living spaces.

Question 3

Working conditions

Answer 3

Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents.

Question 4

Labor union

Answer 4

Large groups of workers, usually in a similar trade or profession, that join together to protect the workers’ rights.

Question 5

Enclosure act

Answer 5

A series of United Kingdom Acts of Parliament which enclosed open fields and common land in the country, creating legal property rights to land that was previously considered common.

Question 6

Entrepreneur

Answer 6

Someone who financially backs a product and works to manage and make it better.

Question 7

Industry

Answer 7

Provided employment - an industry was a working place

Question 8

Thomas Malthus

Answer 8

English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.

Question 9

Utilitarianism

Answer 9

By 1800s, Jeremy Bentham was advocating utilitarianism (idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens)

Question 10

Socialism

Answer 10

A populist economic and political system based on collective, common, or public ownership of the means of production.

Question 11

Robert Owen

Answer 11

Textile manufacturer and advocated for socialism.

Question 12

Karl Marx

Answer 12

Viewed the Industrial Revolution as a catastrophe for workers, who lost control of their work and were dispossessed, and whose standard of living was reduced to bare subsistence

Question 13

The Communist Manifesto

Answer 13

During the revolutions which swept Europe in 1848, they prepared the Communist Manifesto, an analysis of the emergence of industrial capitalism, a program for its overthrow and a plan for its replacement by a communist society in which the workers owned all enterprises and took over the reins of government.

Question 14

Communism

Answer 14

A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state.

Question 15

Capitalism

Answer 15

Business owners (capitalists) began to organize labor centrally into factories and introduced a division of labor to increase output and profitability.

Question 16

Adam Smith

Answer 16

He approached the heart of the industrial revolution with his division of labour, specialization and exchange, and extent of the market,

Question 17

The Wealth of Nations

Answer 17

Consisted of both farm output and manufactured goods along with the labor it took to produce them.

Question 18

Laissez-faire

Answer 18

An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention.

Question 19

Assembly line

Answer 19

A manufacturing process in which individual components are assembled in a sequential manner to create a finished product

Question 20

Louis Pasteur

Answer 20

Louis Pasteur, a qualified chemist, was behind the most important scientific revolutions of the 19th century in the fields of biology, agriculture, medicine and hygiene.

Question 21

Middle Class

Answer 21

The Industrial Revolution did encourage a middle class of people who were not abundantly wealthy, but who also were not unskilled laborers in a factory barely getting by.

Question 22

Temperance Movement

Answer 22

Aimed to reduce alcohol consumption in America during the early 1800s.

Question 23

Women’s suffrage

Answer 23

Women finally gained the right to vote when the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920.