Absorption, Assimilation And Egestion Of Food Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Where does the digested food enter

A

The digested food enters into the bloodstream through the stomach wall and the intestinal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Absorption in stomach

A

Small molecules (glucose, alcohol, drugs) may be absorbed into the capillaries of the stomach wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adaptation of small intestine for food absorption (1)

A

It is the longest part of the digestive tract

The time for absorption is increased

This increases the surface area for water and food absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adaptation of small intestine for food absorption (2)

A

It has numerous villus

This increases surface area for water and food absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structural adaptation of the villus for food structure (1)

A

Numerous finger-like projection

Increased surface area for absorption of digested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structural adaptation of the villus for food absorption (2)

A

One-cell thick epithelium

Reduce distance of diffusion for the absorption of digested food

The rates of absorption will be faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structural adaptation of the villus for food absorption (3)

A

Dense capillary network

Absorb the water soluble food (glucose, amino acid) and mineral and water-soluble vitamins (B/C) by diffusion and/or active transport

Absorb water by osmosis

And transport away the absorbed food quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structural adaptation of the villus for food absorption (4)

A

Presence of lacteal

Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A/D) by diffusion

And transport them away by lymph quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of peristaltic muscle

A
Longitudinal muscle (outer)
Circular muscle (inner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fate of Glucose

A

Villus > capillaries > hepatic portal vein > liver > hepatic vein > vena cava > heart > lungs > heart > aorta > all parts of the body (except the lungs)

Used in respiration to produce energy

Excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in liver (muscle)

Excess glucose in converted to fat in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fate of amino acids

A

Villus > capillaries > hepatic portal vein > liver > hepatic vein > vena cava > heart > lungs > heart > aorta > all parts of the body except the lungs

Used to form proteins for growth and repair
Used to form enzyme, haemoglobin, antibodies and some hormones (insulin / glucagon)
Excess amino acids are deaminated into urea and carbohydrates in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fate of fat

A

Villus > lacteal > lymph vessel > vein near the heart > vena cava > heart > lungs > heart > aorta > all parts of the body except the lungs

Used in respiration to produce energy when necessary
Used to form cell membrane (phospholipid) and some hormones (sex hormone)
Excess fat are stored in
Liver
Under the skin (subcutaneous fat)
Around the heart and kidneys ( act as shock absorber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of liver for food assimilation (1)

A

Storage 

Glycogen
Iron
Vitamin A&D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role of liver for food assimilation (2)

A

Regulation of blood glucose level

Maintain a constant blood glucose level 
With insulin 
Glucose > glycogen (stored in liver)
With glucagon 
Glycogen > glucose (enter bloodstream)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of liver for food assimilation (3)

A

Deamination

Breakdown of excess amino acid

Amino group are converted to urea for excretion

The remaining carbon parts are converted to carbohydrate or fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Role of liver for food assimilation (4)

A

Production of bile

Production of bile salts

Haemoglobin of RBC is broken down into bile pigments and is excreted in bile. The iron is reused.

17
Q

Role of liver for food assimilation (5)

A

Detoxification

Toxic substances (alcohol, drugs) are converted into harmless substances

18
Q

Body parts for egestion

A

Colon, rectum, anus

19
Q

Colon

A

Undigested and unabsorbed substances in colon includes

Dietary fibre (roughage)
Mucus
Bacteria 
Alimentary secretion (enzymes)
Water 
Dead cells from the wall of alimentary canal 
Bile pigments
20
Q

Rectum

A

Temporarily store and expel faeces

21
Q

Anus

A

The place where the faeces are removed to outside