Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell structures of animal cells

A
Cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
vacuole
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2
Q

cell structures of plant cells

A
Plant wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
vacuole
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
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3
Q

cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

made up of lipids (phospholipid) and proteins

It separates the cell from the outside environment by controlling the transport of substances into and out of the cell

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4
Q

cell wall

A

made of cellulose

fully permeable

it supports, protects and gives shape to plant cells

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

it provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

it contains food granules

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6
Q

Organelles of cell

A
Nucleus 
Endoplasmic reticulum 
mitochondrion
chloroplasts
vacuole
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7
Q

nucleus

A

largest cell organelle

the nucleus membrane is a double membrane with nuclear pore that surrounds the nucleus

the outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

It contains DNA that provides information for protein synthesis

It controls all cellular activities

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8
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

It consists of folded membrane forming enclosed cavity within the cytoplasm

It consists of 2 types :
Rough ER - with ribosomes attached on the surfaces
Smooth ER - without ribosomes
-
Rough ER

it is the site of protein synthesis

with the help of ribosomes on the surface of rough ER, protein is synthesized

afterwards, the protein may be transported inside ER

Smooth ER

it transports and synthezies carbohydrates, lipids (steroids) and non-protein products

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9
Q

Mitochondrion

A

It is rod-shaped

it is bounded by a double membrane

It carries out aerobic respiration, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the form of energy readily available

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

It contains chlorophyll

Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight for carrying out photosynthesis

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11
Q

vacuole

A

When it is fully filled (mainly with water), the cell becomes turgid to provide support to the plant.

Its cell sap stores food, dissolved ions, waste and pigments

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12
Q

Comparison of cellular organisation between animal and plant cells

A
animal cells and plant cells both have :
a cell membrane
a nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria

Animal cells are always without chloroplasts
Plant cells are with or without chloroplasts

Animal cells are always without cell wall
Plant cells are always with cell wall

Animal cells have small and numerous vacuoles
Plant cells have large and few vacuoles

Animal cells use glycogen as food storage
Plant cells use starch as food storage

Animal cells are usually irregular in shape
Plant cells are usually regular in shape

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13
Q

Comparison of structures that can be seen with light microscope and with electron microscope

A

Light microscope

Can :
Nucleus
Cell membrane
cell wall
vacuole
chloroplast

Cannot :
mitochondrion (difficult to identify with certainty)
endoplasmic reticulum

Electron microscope

Can :
Nucleus
Cell membrane
cell wall
vacuole
chloroplast
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
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14
Q

Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

A

prokaryotic cells have no nuclear membrane to enclose DNA while eukaryotic cells have nuclear membrane

prokaryotic cells have no double membrane organelles while eukaryotic cells have

organisms consist of prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes E.g. bacteria

organisms consist of eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes E.g. fungi, protists, plants and animals

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15
Q

Comparison between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

All have DNA, cell membrane and cytoplasm

prokaryotic cells
circular DNA (in cytoplasm)
nucleus no
mitochondrion no
endoplasmic reticulum no
chloroplast no
cell wall yes
eukaryotic cells
linear DNA
Animal :
nucleus yes
mitochondrion yes
endoplasmic reticulum yes
chloroplasts no
cell wall no
Plant :
nucleus yes
mitochondrion yes
endoplasmic reticulum yes
chloroplast yes
cell wall yes
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16
Q

levels of body organisation

A

cell –> tissue –> organ –> system –> organism

Similar cells group together form a tissue. they work together to perform one or more particular functions

Different tissues group together to form an organ. they cooperate to perform one or more particular functions

several organs work together to perform a particular task. These organs form a system

Different systems work together to support the life of an organism

17
Q

systems in human

A

Digestive system

urinary system

nervous system

transport system

respiratory system

hormonal system

reproductive system (male and female)