abx Flashcards by Trinity Smith

this type of drug inhibits growth and replication of bacteria

bacteriostatic

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this type of drug kills bacteria

bactericidal

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name off bacteriostatic drugs

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole
Chloraamphenicol
Tetracyclines

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name off bactericidal drugs

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
PCN
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Metronidazole

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name off 3 classes of cell wall inhibitors

beta lactams
glycopeptides
lipopeptides

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beta lactam MOA

binds PBPs to inhibit cell wall synthesis

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are beta lactams bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

bactericidal

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what beta-lactam/ beta-lactamase inhibitors cover pseudomonas?

piperacillin/ tazobactam and ticarcillin/ clav

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what are 4 major examples of beta- lactams

PCNs
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactem

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list 3 subtypes of PCNs

natural
aminopenicillins
anti-staph/ penicillinase resistant

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natural PCNs include…

PCN G and PCN VK

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what 2 conditions do natural PCNs target?

syphilis and strep pharyngitis

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what are 2 examples of aminopenicillins?

amoxicillin and ampicillin

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aminopenicillins require the addition of what to be bactericidal against against enterococci?

aminoglycosides

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list 3 examples of anti-staph/ penicillinase-resistant abx

nafcillin, oxacillin, methicillin

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list 1st gen cephalosporins

cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil

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should yo use 1st gen cephalosporins for MSSA in the CNS?

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list 2nd gen cephalosporins

cefuroxime- respiratory
cefoxitin and cefotetan- enteric

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2nd gen cephalosporin that targets h flu

cefuroxime

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2nd gen cephalosporin that is used for abd surgeries and prophylaxis

cefoxitin and cefotetan

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3rd generation cephalosporins

ceftriaxone
cefpodoxime
cefixime
cefdinir
ceftazidine
cefotaxime

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what 3rd gen cephalosporin is the only one that covers pseudomonas?

ceftazidime

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list ceftriaxone and ceftazidime txs

ceftriaxone- lyme disease, gonorrhea, meningitis
ceftazidime- nosocomial infections, febrile neutropenia

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what generation cephalosporins penetrate the CNS?

3rd and 4th gens

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list a 4th gen cephalosporin

cefepime

does cefepime cover pseudomonas?

yes

list a 5th gen cephalosporin

ceftaroline

list 2 cephalosporin combinations

ceftolozane-tazobactam ceftazidime-avibactam

ceftolozane-tazobactam coverage

ESBL and pseudomonas

ceftazidime- avibactam coverage

CRE

what carbapenems have IV pseudomonas coverage?

imipenem meropenem doripenem

list an example of a monobactam

aztreonam

do monobactams have G+ coverage

NO, NO G+ COVERAGE

these two beta lactams have no need for renal adjustment

nafcillin ceftriaxone

name an example of a glycopeptide

vancomycin

ADRs of vancomycin

red man syndrome nephrotoxicity ototoxicity

glycopeptide MOA

inhibits cross-linking of linear peptidoglycans

is vancomycin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

bactericidal

list an example of lipopeptides

daptomycin

is daptomycin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

bactericidal

lipopeptide MOA

binds to membrane and causes depolarization--> loss of cell wall function

what condition should daptomycin not be used for?

pneumonia

ADRs of daptomycin

rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

list 2 30S protein synthesis inhibitors

aminoglycosides tetracyclines

are aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

bactericidal

aminoglycosides MOA

irreversibly binds 30S

ADRs of aminoglycosides

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

name 3 examples of aminoglycosides

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

name 3 examples of tetracyclines

tetracycline doxycycline minocycline

are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bacteriostatic

MOA of tetracyclines

blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA by binding 30S

ADR of tetracyclines

stains teeth <8yrs old photosensitivity

DI of tetracyclines

polyvalent cations (do not take within 2 hrs)

list 3 examples of 50S protein synthesis inhibitors

macrolides oxazolidinones lincosamide

list 3 macrolide examples

azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin

are macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bacteriostatic

macrolide MOA

inhibits translocation of peptidase chain and polypeptide synthesis

major DI of macrolides

clarithromycin and erythromycin are CYP450 INHIBITORS

ADR of macrolides

QTc prolongation

does erythromycin cover h flu?

no, but other macrolides do (azithro and clarithro)

which macrolide covers helicobacter?

clarithromycin

list an example of an oxazolidinone

linezolid

is linezolid bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bacteriostatic

linezolid MOA

binds 23S rRNA of 50S to prevent translation

ADR of linezolid

thrombocytopenia

DI of linezolid

weak MAOI

does linezolid cover MRSA or VRE?

yes, both *typically tx in hospitals, not clinics

lincosamide example

clindamycin

is clindamycin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bacteriostatic

clindamycin MOA

reversibly binds 50S

ADR of clindamycin

GI effects--> may lead to c diff

folate antagonist example

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

ratio of TMP: SMX

1 TMP : 5SMX

is TMP- SMX bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bactericidal

MOA of TMP-SMX

inhibits production of nucleic acids and proteins

DI of TMP-SMX

warfarin--> displaces warfarin from albumin--> increased INR

example of topisomerase inhibitor

fluoroquinolones

are fluoroquinolones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bactericidal

MOA of fluoroquinolones

inhibits DNA gyrase

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin elimination

renal

moxifloxacin elimination

hepatic

ADR of fluroroquinolones

QT prolongation and achilles tendon rupture CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy

DI of fluoroquinolones

warfarin--> inhibits warfarin metabolism--> increased INR polyvalent cation binding

prominent use of fluoroquinolones

complicated UTIs (not moxifloxacin)

metronidazole MOA

DNA synthesis inhibitor via disruption of helical structure

ADR of metronidazole

metallic taste dark urine

2 DI of metronidazole

disulfuram like rxn with ethanol warfarin--> increased INR

nitrofurantoin MOA

damage ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules like DNA and RNA *flavoproteins activate

this drug should NOT be used in pts with renal function CrCl < 50 mL/min

nitrofurantoin

what is nitrofuratoin commonly used for?

uncomplicated UTIs

gonorrhea tx

IM ceftriaxone

chlamydia tx

doxycycline

trich (strawberry cervix) tx

metronidazole

syphilis tx

benzathine PCN G

strep throat tx

penicillin

pneumonia tx in healthy pts

doxycycline clarithromycin azithromycin

pneumonia tx in pts with comorbidities

macrolide or doxy + beta lactam or fluoroquinolone

erysipelas tx

IV dicloxacillin or 1st gen cephalosporins

hidradenitis suppurativa tx

topical BPO or clindamycin add doxycycline