Ac 2.1: Explain Forms Of Social Control

Question 1

What is the definition of social control?

Answer 1

People are persuaded to conform to social norms, laws and expectations.

Question 2

What is internal social control?

Answer 2

Controls over our behaviour from within ourselves - personalities, values etc.

Question 3

What is external social control?

Answer 3

Controls over our behaviour through social agencies - education, family etc.

Question 4

What is Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 4

We confirm to society’s expectations and obey its rules because of our superego.

Question 5

What is the role of the superego?

Answer 5

Tells us what is right and wrong and inflicts guilt feelings on us if we fail to do as it urges.

Question 6

What is the superego part of?

Answer 6

Our personality

Question 7

When does the superego develop? And what does it do?

Answer 7

Develops through early socialisation and tells us how to behave

Question 8

If the ego and superego didn’t exist what would our behaviour be like?

Answer 8

Ruled by the id, leading to anti-social and criminal behaviour

Question 9

What is the definition of socialisation?

Answer 9

Internalising rules through socialising, whether from our parents or wider society’s rules, religion, school and peer groups. Society’s rules and moral code become our own.

Question 10

What is meant by rational ideology?

Answer 10

We internalise social rules and use them to tell us what is right and wrong, allowing us to keep within the laws.

Question 11

The criminal justice system contains several agencies of social control, what are these?

Answer 11

The police, the CPS, judges and magistrates, the prison service

Question 12

What are the powers of the police?

Answer 12

Stop and search, arrest, detain and question

Question 13

What are the powers of the CPS?

Answer 13

Charge suspects and prosecute them in court

Question 14

What are the powers of judges and magistrates?

Answer 14

Bail or remand in custody, sentence to variety of punishments

Question 15

What are the powers of the prison service?

Answer 15

Detain prisoners against their will for the duration of their sentence, punish prisoners for misbehaviour

Question 16

What is meant by coercion?

Answer 16

Involves the use of threat of force in order to make someone do (or stop doing) something.

Question 17

Other than coercion, what is another way of trying to achieve social control?

Answer 17

Fear of punishment - punishment may act as a deterrent

Question 18

Who came up with the idea of control theory?

Answer 18

Travis Hirschi

Question 19

What does Hirschi argue in his control theory?

Answer 19

People conform to the law because they are controlled by their bonds to society, which keeps them from deviating

Question 20

When does Hirschi say delinquent acts occur?

Answer 20

When and individuals bond to society is weak or broken

Question 21

What four elements does Hirschi say the individuals bond to society is made up of?

Answer 21

Commitment
Attachment
Beliefs
Involvement

Question 22

What is meant by commitment in control theory?

Answer 22

If you are committed to a conventional lifestyle, the less likely you are to risk it through crime.

Question 23

What is meant by attachment in control theory?

Answer 23

The more we are attached to somebody, the more we value their opinions and follow their norms and rules

Question 24

What is meant by beliefs in control theory?

Answer 24

If we have been socialised to learn that breaking rules is bad then we are more likely to follow the rules

Question 25

What is meant by involvement in control theory?

Answer 25

If you involve yourself in law abiding tasks, the less time you have to involve yourself in criminal tasks

Question 26

What do Riley and shaw claim in control theory?

Answer 26

Lack of parental supervision is an important factor in delinquency

Question 27

What does delinquency mean?

Answer 27

Minor crime, especially committed by young people

Question 28

What did Walter Reckless develop in control theory?

Answer 28

Containment theory

Question 29

What does reckless argue in his containment theory?

Answer 29

Argues we all have psychological tendencies that can lead to criminality

Question 30

What is internal containment?

Answer 30

Effective socialisation helps us build the self control to resist the temptation to offend.

Question 31

What is external containment?

Answer 31

External controls, such as parental discipline, prevent us from deviating from the norm

Question 32

What does Reckless believe about juvenile delinquency?

Answer 32

Commonly arises from a breakdown in moral and social forces that otherwise “contain” deviant behaviour

Question 33

What does Heidensohn argue about feminists in control theory?

Answer 33

Argues that patriarchal society controls females more closely

Question 34

Why is it harder for women to offend in a patriarchal society?

Answer 34

They spend more time in domestic duties which leaves less opportunity to engage in criminality outside home

Question 35

What did Pat Carlen find?

Answer 35

Females who do offend had often failed to form attachment to parents due to abuse in family or growing up in care