A.C. 3.3 (Limitations in Achieving Social Control) Flashcards
THE FINAL ONE!!!!!!!! (31 cards)
What are the SEVEN limitations of agencies in achieving social control?
-Recidivism
-Civil Liberties & Legal barriers
-Resource access
-Finance
-Local + National Policies
-Environment
-Offenders with Moral Imperatives
Why is Recidivism a limitation for agencies in achieving social control?
Crime will be continued if agencies fail to rehabilitate crime. This is hard when prisons are only getting more populous and budget isn’t increasing.
Recall population is 19% higher than it was in 2015.
What makes offenders less likely to reoffend?
-If they have their family visit during their prison sentence
-If they are living with family on release
-If they got a job on release
What criminological theories link to Recidivism?
SLT & Marxism
How does SLT link to Recidivism?
-These treatments stop working when they leave prison, such as token economy.
-Prisons are “universities of crime”, smaller offenders are encouraged on release.
What are the civil liberties that limit agencies?
Freedom of:
-Speech
-Assembly
-Movement
-Detention without trial
-Arbitrary Arrest (HUMAN RIGHTS ACT)
-Right to Privacy
How do these “legal barriers & civil liberties” limit agencies from achieving social control?
These barriers prevent the government from doing certain actions. The main one of these is deporting illegal immigrants to countries with civil rights issues.
What cases link to “legal barriers” and how they limit agencies from achieving social control?
Due Process - A terrorist was ruled to not be deported due to risks he’d be deported after being associated with Osama Bin Laden.
Rwanda - Immigrants were threatned to be sent to Rwanda, but the Supreme Court ruled it unlawful due to the human rights breaches
What agency does a lack of resources hurt the most and why?
Prisons due to having release prisoners due to 2/3 of prisons being overcrowded and prisons being uneducated + hard to reform
What is the Prisoner Apprenticeship Pathway?
A programme that offers prisoners opportunities to get a real apprenticeship on release IF they have the proper education
How does Finance limitations hurt the Police?
-Lost 21,000 officers in Era of Austerity
Led to:
-Lack of experienced officers
-Highest workload ever
-Harder to stop crime
How does Finance limitations hurt the HM Prison Service?
-£48,000 is spent on a prisoner each year so it is a waste of money due to high reoffending
-Created a lack of staff that led to a 30:1 ratio with prisoners
How does Finance limitations hurt the CPS?
-Makes it harder to deliver justice as some cases will need to be rushed
-Era of Austerity led to 2,500 workers being lost
How does Finance limitations hurt Charities & Pressure Groups?
-They rely on public funding, so less finance makes it harder for them to help people
-People don’t like charities to help those they dislike,
How does Finance limitations hurt the Probation Service?
-Their budget was cut by 15%
-Led to officers doing double work the usually would do
-Decline in quality due to less officers.
How does is the environment limit social control for agencies?
Home environment when prisoners are released will highly impact their chances of reoffending.
As only 25% of prisons get a positive inspector rating, it’s proof they aren’t alone doing a great job reforming offenders under custody.
How does “Environment” limiting Social Control for agencies link to Theory?
It links to MARXISM as:
-Links to how crime is committed due to not having any other choice
-How the ruling class (bourgeoisie) exploit the lower class (proleteriat) links to being in an environment where someone can get a job.
What does it mean for someone to have a moral imperative?
Offenders with a moral imperative believe it is morally correct to commit crime, and it is hard to change their mind.
How do “Offenders with Moral Imperatives” limit social control for agencies?
Social control cannot be achieved as it is impossible to change their mind on crime.
This can be for any type of crime, including something like Assisted Suicide or Protestors.
What cases link to “Offenders with Moral Imperatives” limiting social control for agencies?
-Kay Gilderdale “murdered” her daughter via assisted suicide as she believed it was the right thing to do. She got 12 months after admitting she knew the consequences yet did it anyway.
-Just Stop Oil protestors believed they should protest no matter what, and admitted they understand the consequences yet don’t fear them.
Link to Theory:
WHY DO OFFENDERS REOFFEND?
Links to Functionalism as:
-It shows society adapts at the years ago, which changed the law all the time
According to the Bromley Briefings, what statistics show that Prisons lack resources?
(For those inside and outside of Prison)
-Less than half of offenders get accomodation on release.
-1/4 of prisons have good rehabiliation training
-2/3 of prisons are overcrowded
What is a national policy?
A government promoted policy that focuses on dealing with a type of crime all across the nation.
For example, this was done in 2010 to tackle gang related crimes, leading to prosecution rates increasing.
What is a local policy?
The policy of a local police force like Merseyside Police that focuses on dealing with a type of crime in the area.
For eaxmple, prioritisation on preventing radicalisation from the far-right in 2018.
