AC20: Transition metals Flashcards
(55 cards)
What are transition metals
D-block element that form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d orbital
What 2 d block elements are not transition metals
- Scandium
- Zinc
What are the ionic properties of transition metals
- Multiple oxidation states
- Form coloured ions in solutions
- Often great catalysts
- Form complexes with ligands
What is a ligand
A molecule which forms a dative bond with a transition metal
What is the co-ordination number of an ion
The number of ligands with a co-ordinate bond to the metal ion
What does the ligand do to bond with the transition metal ion
Donates a lone pair
What are the 4 main geometries for complex ions
- Octahedral
- Tetrahedral
- Square planar
- Linear
When are octahedral complex ions commonly seen
With small ligands like water and ammonia
When are tetrahedral complex ions commonly seen
With large ligands like chloride
When are square planar complex ions commonly seen
With the metals Ni, Pd, Pt
When are linear complex ions seen
Only seen for Cu, Ag, Au
What type of isomerism can square planar complexes form
Cis/ trans
What 2 factors influence the shape of the complex ion
- Metal
- Ligands
What type of isomer can octahedral molecules with 3 bidentate ligands form
Optical isomers
When ionising from what orbital are the electrons removed
From s-orbital
Why are electrons removed from the s orbital first
Since a orbital is slightly higher in energy than d orbital
What is a complex
A molecule with a transition metal ion in the middle with ligands co-ordinately / dative covalently bonded to them
What is a monodentate ligand
Ligand that only donates 1 lone pair to metal ion
What is a bidentate ligand
A ligand that donates 2 lone pairs to metal ion
What are the 2 shapes available for a metal ion coordinated by 4 lone pairs
- Tetrahedral
- Square planar
For transition metal complexes, what 2 geometries do cis-trans isomers occur
- Square planar
- Octahedral
For transition metal complexes what geometry do optical isomers occur
Octahedral
In an octahedral transition metal complex, where are the ligands positioned for the trans isomer
When the ligands of interest are 180 degrees, so at opposite ends of the complex
In an octahedral transition metal complex, at what angle are the ligands at for a cis isomer
90 degrees
