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Unit 4 Criminology WJEC > AC3.4 > Flashcards

AC3.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Police: social control

A
  • Main agencies for detection, investigation and prevention
  • Their work results in a huge volume of cases bring brought to trial
  • Police have specialist departments, units and sections
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2
Q

Police: Specialist policing

A
  • HM revenue and customs deals with tax evasion
  • Department of work and pensions deals with benefit fraud
  • Boarder force deals with immigration
  • British transport police
  • Civil Nuclear Constabulary to protect nuclear installations
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3
Q

Offences of public concern

A

Made progress in prioritizing some of the offences of concern, however, reports show shortcomings in the police’s performance on domestic abuse:
* arrest rate has fallen
* not using bail conditions to protect victims
* staff shortages are causing delays, putting victims at risk
* body worn video cameras aren’t always used to gather evidence

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4
Q

Inefficiency

A

Inefficiency and incompetence being evidenced in the police force
* Macpherson Report noted the failures of the police in the murder of Stephen Lawrence

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5
Q

Police: current trend

A

More crimes, fewer solved
* Offences 4.5m - 5.7m (2016-2018)
* Knife crime 24k - 40k (2014-2018)
* Firearms offences: 4.9k - 6.6k (2014-2018)

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6
Q

Police: dropped cases

A

The police dropped 2.6 times as many cases on the day they were reported in 2017 as they did in 2016
Total of 34k in a year
2014-2016: screen out a third of the 2.2m crimes reported

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7
Q

Police: financial circumstances

A
  • From 2010, the government made major cuts in the polices budgets
  • Causing more cases to be dropped
  • Some cases will e prioritized over others
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8
Q

Police: accuracy of stats

A
  • Police are becoming less effective
  • Police have gotten better at recording crimes, lower dark figure, higher crime rate
  • CSEW shows that crime rate has been falling for several years until 2017.
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9
Q

Criticisms of police performance

A
  • Racism and bias (Stephen Lawrence)
  • Media (playing up crimes for entertainment, moral panics)
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10
Q

CPS: role

A
  • Independent prosecutor
  • Prosecuted 80k cases in CC and 450k in MC in 2018
  • 84.1% of defendant that are prosecuted are convicted
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11
Q

CPS: Media reports

A
  • Dropping ‘weak’ rape cases
  • Taking away weak cases rises conviction rates
  • Limits victims access to justice
  • Links to evidential test
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12
Q

CPS: budget cuts

A
  • Suffered 25% budget cut
  • Lost a third of its staff
  • Can take hours to analyze one piece for evidence (600 hours on one phone)
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13
Q

CPS: Evidence disclosure

A
  • Rape cases have collapsed with police’s failure to find evidence
  • Liam Allen case
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14
Q

CPS: Failure to build case

A
  • Failure to build an adequate case can lead to prosecution collapsing
  • Damilola Taylor case
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15
Q

CPS: Other criticisms

A
  • Too close to the police
  • Too bureaucratic, inefficient and slow in proceedings
  • Failure to communicate with relevant parties
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16
Q

Judiciary: bias

A
  • 71% of judges are male, half being over 50
  • Minorities are under-represented.
  • Gender bias: Judge James Pickles: pedophile on probation, single mother sent to prison with 10 week old baby for 6 months
17
Q

Judiciary: out of touch

A
  • Portrayed as out of touch by the media
  • Actually just remaining impartial
18
Q

Judiciary: lenient

A
  • Unduly lenient sentencing scheme allows sentences to be reviewed
  • Court of Appeal can increase the sentences if needed
  • There are minimal sentences which get reviewed
19
Q

Prisons

A
  • Punishing offenders and rehabilitating them
  • Exercise social control within prions for offenders to follow prison rules
20
Q

Prisons: limitations on social control

A
  • Staff cuts
  • Overcrowding
  • Not addressing rehabilitation needs
  • Drug epidemic
  • Security
  • Safety (incidents have increased)
  • Riots and disorder
21
Q

Prisons: safety

A
  • 8.4k assaults on staff
  • 22k assaults on prisoners
  • 69 suicides
  • 47k self harm incidents
22
Q

Prisons: riots

A

HMP Birmingham in 2016

23
Q

Probation

A
  • Mixed results in achieving social control
  • CRCs are privatized probation services
24
Q

Prisons: reoffending

A
  • 37.5% of all ex-convicts reoffend
  • ex-prisoners with many previous convictions, half reoffended
  • 64.1% short sentences reoffended
  • 40% of juveniles
25
Q

Probation: CRC failures

A
  • Housing needs not met (54% supervised)
  • Supervised by telephone only
  • Meetings held in open-planned office with white noise
  • Inadequate protection for victims
  • Companies cutting staff to save money led to CRCs having higher caseloads.
26
Q

Probation: Bias

A
  • Conservative government favors privatization
  • Believe they’re more efficient and cost-effective
27
Q

Probation: eval

A
  • Failure by CRCs
  • NPS more successful
28
Q

Probation: NPS

A
  • more successful than CRCs but still has its limitations
29
Q

NPS: limitations

A
  • shortage of probation officers
  • Work standards being compromised
  • Lack of leadership
  • Dated and shabby conditions
  • No specialist service locally
30
Q

Charities and pressure groups

A
  • Charities: provide services to specific groups of people
  • Pressure groups: Campaign for changes to government policies
31
Q

Charities: strong commitment

A
  • Reduce offending and re-offending
  • Strong commitment to one group
  • Strongly motivated to help their group
32
Q
A

Unit 4 Criminology WJEC (10 decks)

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