AC4.2- social changes affecting policy development Flashcards
(12 cards)
What were the norms/values of homosexuality in the past?
Was seen as immoral, sinful and against the traditional social norms/ values
How was Homosexuality viewed in the past?
-In the 16th century it was punishable by death (dominated by religion- seen as a sin)
-death penalty removed in the 19th century with developments of science, now seen as a (contagious) illness
-didn’t apply to women
-1950s: attempt to cure homosexuality through chemical castration, lobotomies
-1967: decriminalised
How did the social views around homosexuality change?
-Laud Humphrey: Tearoom Trade (impersonal sex in public places). He passed as a homosexual & followed gay couples into toilets to study and record their secret sexual activity + exposed them to police
-1956 Wolfden Report: TRT was an infringement on civil liberty and the law shouldn’t invade into personal life, based matters of personal morality
-cultures and structure of society has changed
-The vatican, pope and the Bible holds more relaxed views, accepting homosexuality
-less religious impact (not applicable everywhere) and fear/belief in God
What are the policies and legislations introduced for Homosexuality?
-1967: homosexuality was decriminalised
- Age of consent for gays was changed to 21 years old
-Civil partnership Act 2004: allows gays to be together
-Equality Act 2010: offence to discriminate on basis of orientation
-2014: Same Sex Marriage under same Sex Couple Act 2013
What were the norms/values of women’s rights in the past?
women were inferior to men (physically and academically) and were seen as less able to perform manual jobs
What were women’s rights in the past?
-In 1920s USA women’s lives were extremely restricted
-No tight clothing
-no makeup
-couldn’t drive
-couldn’t vote
-paid less than men in the same job
-had to have a male chaperone
How did social views change for Women’s rights?
Suffragette movement fought for the right to vote
-chained themselves to male bathrooms
-hunger strikes
-Emily Davison: jumped in front of the king’s horse
-women began rebelling against marriage seeking education and equality
-1928 women were allowed to vote 9during when women had to fill out roles typically occupied by men)
What were the policies/legislations for women’s rights?
-Equal Pay Act (1970): illegal to pay women lower rates than men for the same work
-Sex Discrimination Act (1975): illegal to discriminate against women in work, education and training
-Equality Act (2010): access to maternity leave
What were the norms/values for smoking in the past?
-Automatic assumption that tobacco was safe because it’s a herb/natural
-No scientific study behind it
-herbs considered safe for medical purposes/healing
What was smoking like in the past?
-in the 1930s it was advertised to smoke cigarettes
-was glamorised and encouraged by doctors/dentists and advised pregnant women to smoke
-children advised to have 1 cigarette a day if they were stressed/teething
-it was acceptable to smoke indoors, restaurants, cars and next to children
-In 1960s the research has shown a link between lung cancer and smoking
-1990s: still acceptable to smoke on airplanes and in airports
How have social views around smoking changed?
-Surgeon General 1964: cigarette smoking responsible for a 70% increase in the mortality rate of smokers over non-smokers
-smoking during pregnancy reduced the average weight of newborns
-1969 cigarette advertising on television & radio was banned
-1965: congress required all cigarette packages distributed in the US to carry a health warning
-smoking became less glamorised & accessible
What were the policies/legislations for smoking that were introduced?
-The Tobacco Advertising And Promotion Act (2002): banned the advertising and promotion of tobacco products
-The Health Act (2006): prohibited smoking in enclosed, substantially enclosed work and public places
-The Children And Families Act (2014): prohibit smoking in vehicles when children are present
