Accessory Organs of the GI Tract

Question 1

does the liver move up or down when you breathe in

Answer 1

down

Question 2

is liver intra or retroperitoneal

Answer 2

intra

Question 3

what are the ligaments of the liver

Answer 3

falciform ligament
round ligament
coronary ligament (only on right lobe)
triangular ligaments (right and left)
hepato-gastric ligament (lesser omentum)
hepatoduodenal ligament (lesser omentum)

Question 4

where does the falciform ligament attach

Answer 4

to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 5

where is the round ligament of the liver

Answer 5

the free edge of the falciform ligament inferior to the liver

Question 6

what potential spaces is found above the liver

Answer 6

subphrenic recess

Question 7

what limits the subphrenic recess

Answer 7

anterior layer of coronary ligament

Question 8

what spaces are found inferior to the liver

Answer 8

subhepatic space
hepatorenal recess

Question 9

what limits the hepatorenal recess

Answer 9

posterior layer of the coronary ligament

Question 10

where is the bare area of the liver

Answer 10

of the posterior side of the liver between the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament

Question 11

how many topographical lobes are there in the liver

Answer 11

4

Question 12

what are the four lobes of the liver

Answer 12

right
left
caudate
quadrat

Question 13

what are the four lobes of the liver

Answer 13

right
left
caudate
quadrate

Question 14

where is caudate lobe

Answer 14

seen on posterior and inferior surface of liver

next to IVC (c for caudate)

Question 15

where is the quadrate lobe of the liver

Answer 15

seen on anterior and inferior surface of liver

next to gallbladder

Question 16

what 4 important impressions are seen on the posterior of the liver

Answer 16

gastric
oesophageal
colic (hepatic flexure)
renal (right kidney)

Question 17

where is the the oesophageal impression on the liver

Answer 17

between IVC and gastric impression

Question 18

what is the bare area of the liver in direct contact with

Answer 18

diaphragm

Question 19

what % of blood is from portal vein and what % is hepatic artery

Answer 19

portal - 75-80%

Question 20

what artery supplies the gallbladder

Answer 20

cystic artery

Question 21

what enters and exits the liver at the porta hepatis

Answer 21

right and left hepatic ducts

Question 22

describe nerve supply to liver

Answer 22

autonomic nerves supply liver froms the coeliac plexus
this includes sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

Question 23

what cranial nerve gives parasympathetic supply to the liver

Answer 23

vagus

Question 24

what ligament is the portal triad found within

Answer 24

hepatoduodenal ligament
(free edge of the lesser omentum)

Question 25

what veins form portal vein

Answer 25

splenic and superior mesenteric (superior mesenteric is formed of branches from colon, jejenum, ileum and gets blood from duodenum) (the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic)

Question 26

what nerves supply sympathetic input to the liver

Answer 26

thoracic and splanchnic nerves

Question 27

what are the four anatomical parts of the gallbladder

Answer 27

fundus body infundibulum neck

Question 28

what joins the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct and what does this form

Answer 28

cystic duct cystic duct + common hepatic duct = bile duct

Question 29

function of gallbladder

Answer 29

stores and concentrates bile made by liver secretes bile into bile duct

Question 30

where does the bile duct drain

Answer 30

the 2nd part of duodenum major duodenal papilla

Question 31

what keeps the neck of the gallbaldder/cystic duct open

Answer 31

spiral valve

Question 32

where does the bile duct end

Answer 32

the hepatopancreatic ampulla a dilation of the distal end of the duct where it joins the main pancreatic duct

Question 33

what plane does the head of the pancreas lie in and what vertebral level is this

Answer 33

transpyloric plane L1

Question 34

what is the hook shaped part of the pancreas

Answer 34

uncinate process

Question 35

what duct runs the length of the pancreas

Answer 35

major pancreatic duct

Question 36

which drains into duodenum first - accessory or main pancreatic duct

Answer 36

accessory

Question 37

what is found and what isn't found in the pancreatic duct

Answer 37

pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes) hormones are not, they are released directly into the blood

Question 38

where are the superior mesenteric vein and artery found in relation to the pancreas

Answer 38

they pop through between the neck and uncinate process

Question 39

what aorta branches supply the pancreas

Answer 39

coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric

Question 40

describe blood supply to the head of the pancreas

Answer 40

coeliac trunk → gastroduodenal → pancreaticoduodenal branches superior mesenteric

Question 41

describe blood supply to neck, body and tail of pancreas

Answer 41

branches of the splenic artery

Question 42

describe venous drainage to the pancreas

Answer 42

drains into splenic and superior mesenteric which join to form hepatic portal vein

Question 43

nerve supply to pancreas

Answer 43

same as liver autonomic nerves from coeliac plexus sympathetic input from thoracic and splanchnic nerves parasympathetic input from vagus nerve

Question 44

how are exocrine cells arranged in pancreas

Answer 44

subdivided into lobules by connective tissue septa each acinus is composed of several cells pale cells in centre of acinus are called centroacinar cells

Question 45

what forms the smallest unit of the pancreatic duct system

Answer 45

centroacinar cells

Question 46

what shape are the nuclei of pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 46

round

Question 47

how are islets of langerhans supplied with blood

Answer 47

rich capillaries are scattered through

Question 48

what shape is the anterior surface of the spleen

Answer 48

concave

Question 49

what may happen if lower left ribs are fractured

Answer 49

rupture of the spleen

Question 50

what are the four ligaments of the spleen

Answer 50

gastrosplenic phrenicosplenic splenorenal splenocolic

Question 51

what is found within the splenorenal ligament

Answer 51

branches of the splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas

Question 52

is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal

Answer 52

all retro except the tail which is within the splenorenal ligament

Question 53

what is found within the gastrosplenic ligment

Answer 53

short gastric and left gastro-omental vessels

Question 54

what 3 impressions are seen on the spleen and their positions

Answer 54

gastric impression - anterior and to left of hilum renal impression - medial surface and to right of hilum colic impression - inferior to hilum

Question 55

where on the spleen does the tail of the pancreas sit

Answer 55

inferior to renal impression inferior to splenic vein and artery

Question 56

what is a feaure of the anterolateral surface of the spleen

Answer 56

notches

Question 57

blood supply to spleen

Answer 57

splenic artery only no collateral arteries

Question 58

nerve innervation to spleen

Answer 58

splenic plexus which is derived from the coeliac plexus

Question 59

features of spleen microanatomy

Answer 59

trabeculae white pulp red pulp veins arteries

Question 60

in histology is white or red pulp darker

Answer 60

white

Question 61

describe arrangement of white and red pulp in spleen

Answer 61

white - in nodules/circles red - fills rest of space

Question 62

what surrounds the spleen and what is derived from this

Answer 62

fibrous capsule trabeculae extend inwards from this

Question 63

what is red pulp

Answer 63

the dispose of worn out blood cells

Question 64

what are splenic sinusoids

Answer 64

blood sinusoids that arise from the distla branches of centrsl arterise outsid eof the white pulp

Question 65

what do splenic cords consist of

Answer 65

reticular connective tissue that is exceptionally rich in macrophages