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Anatomy > Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

weight of human adult brain

A

1-1.5kg

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2
Q

what type of cells support neuron axons

A

glia

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3
Q

what makes up grey matter

A

cell bodies

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4
Q

what makes up white matter

A

myelinated axons

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5
Q

what type of cell is a oligodendrocyte

A

glial cell

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6
Q

what accounts for individual variation between people

A

the way neurons connect/where synapses are formed

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7
Q

where is the ventral, dorsal, rostral and caudal aspects of the spinal cord

A

rostral - closest to brain
caudal - furthest from brain
ventral - anterior
dorsal - posterior

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8
Q

where is the diencephalon

A

superior to the brain stem

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9
Q

what is a gyrus and what is gyrification

A

ridge on brain
process of making gyrus

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10
Q

where does all conscious activity take place

A

in cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

where is the great longitudinal fissure

A

separates right and left hemispheres

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12
Q

what makes up the corpus callosum

A

bundle of white matetr

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13
Q

what fissure defines the temporal lobe boundary

A

lateral fissure superior to temporal lobe

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14
Q

what grooves defines the frontal lobe boundary

A

central sulcus posterior to frontal lobe
lateral fissure inferior to frontal lobe

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15
Q

what lobes does the central sulcus divide

A

frontal lobe and parietal lobe

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16
Q

function of prefrontal lobe

A

planning complex movements
thinking

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17
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

motor - premotor and primary motor areas

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18
Q

what lobe is the somatosensory area found

A

parietal

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19
Q

what is the funciton of broca’s area

A

motor speech

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20
Q

what is the function of wenickes area

A

sensory speech

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21
Q

brodmann’s area number for primary motor

A

4

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22
Q

brodmann’s area number for primary somatosensory area

A

1,2,3

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23
Q

brodmann’s area number for primary visual area

A

17

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24
Q

brodmann’s area number for Broca’s area

A

44, 45

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25
Q

brodmann’s area number for primary auditory area

A

41,42

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26
Q

what are association fibres

A

connect within the same hemisphere

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27
Q

what are commissural fibres

A

connections between hemispheres

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28
Q

what are projection fibres

A

connect cortex to sub-cortical areas

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29
Q

4 parts of diencephalon

A

epithalamus
thalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus

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30
Q

epithalamus aka

A

pineal gland

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31
Q

function of epithalamus

A

regulation of sleep

32
Q

function of thalamsu

A

sorting centre

33
Q

is the thalamus one or two structurs

A

one but has r and l half

34
Q

parts of brain stem
superior to inferior

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

35
Q

what emerges from brain stem

A

10 of 12 cranial nerves

36
Q

where does the cerebellum attach to the rest of the brain

A

to brain stem and not cerebrum
by the superior, middle and inferior peduncles

37
Q

function of cerebellum

A

coodinating movement

38
Q

what structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

vermis

39
Q

what feature is seen on the surface of the cerebellum

A

grooves known as folia

40
Q

what are the peduncles of the cerebellum made of

A

white matter

41
Q

def. of fasciculus

A

a group of axons

42
Q

def. of lamina

A

a thin layer

43
Q

def. of tract

A

a group of axons having a similar origin/destination

44
Q

where are the spinal cord enlargements and why are they there

A

cervical and lumbar regions for limbs

45
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

L1/2

46
Q

does the meninges stop at the same level as the spinal cord

A

no continues past end of spinal cord

47
Q

what is conus medularis

A

cone shaped portion at the distal end of the spinal cord

48
Q

what keeps the distal spinal cord in place

A

filum terminale - fibrous cord tethered to coccyx

49
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

50
Q

where is a lumbar puncture performed

A

in region of spinal cord meniges below the conus meduallaris

51
Q

how many of each type of spinal nerves are there

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

52
Q

is grey matter inside or outside of spinal cord

A

inside

53
Q

how does the proportion of white to grey matter change and the spinal cord goes from cervical to sacral

A

proportion of white matter decreases

54
Q

where does sensory information enter the spinal cord

A

dorsal horn

55
Q

where does motor information leave the spinal cord

A

ventral horn

56
Q

how can you tell the orientation of a cross section of spinal cord

A

dorsal horn grey matter reaches right to edges - not the case in ventral

57
Q

what kind of information is carried in spinal nerves

A

mixed - sensory and motor

58
Q

what is a slipped disc

A

herneation of nucleus polposus (centre of intervertebral disc) through annulus fibrosis (outer layer of intervertebral disc) which puts pressure on spinal cord

59
Q

what are the layers of the meninges from closest to brain/spinal cord to furthest

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

60
Q

what is the name for inflammation of meninges

A

menigitis

61
Q

charcateristic of dura

A

rubbery

62
Q

characteristic of arachnoid mater

A

thinner than dura
finger like projections

63
Q

what fills the great longitudinal fissure

A

a fold of dura called the falx cerebri

64
Q

what separates the oxipital lobe from the cerebellum

A

the terntoium cerebelli

65
Q

where is the extradural space

A

between dura and verterbrae

66
Q

why does the brain need such a rich blood supply

A

it cannot store energy so needs continuous supply to avoid cell death

67
Q

which major blood vessels supply the brain

A

internal carotid
verterbral

68
Q

draw a diagram of the circle of wilis

A
69
Q

what are the cerebral arteries from the circle of willis

A

anterior
middle
posterior

70
Q

what are the cerebellar arteries from the circle of willis

A

superior
anterior inferior
posterior inferior

71
Q

learn which regions of the brain are supplied by what artery

A
72
Q

where does the venous drainage of the brain go

A

drains into internal jugular vein from multiple venous sinuses

73
Q

how does blood get to the spinal cord

A

travel from heart to brain
then goes down anterior spinal artery to spinal cord
there’s also a posterior spinal artery

74
Q

what artery leaves the spinal cord with the spinal nerve

A

radicular artery

75
Q

what are the names of the ventricles of the brian

A

lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

76
Q

what fills the ventricles

A

CSF

77
Q

what is the pathway of the CSF through the ventricles

A

lateral ventricles → interventricular foramen → 3rd ventricle → 4th ventricle → lateral apertures → subarachnoid space

Anatomy (10 decks)

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