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Accounting Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

How are changes in accounting principle applied?

A

Retrospective Application:
Prior Periods adjusted
Retained Earnings adjusted
Completed Contract to % Completion
Ex: LIFO to FIFO

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2
Q

Would a change from Completed Contract to Percentage of Completion be a change in accounting principle- or a change of estimate?

How would it be applied?

A

A change of principle.

Applied retrospectively.

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3
Q

Would a change from LIFO to FIFO be a change in accounting principle or a change of estimate?

How would this change be applied?

A

A change in accounting principle.

Applied retrospectively.

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4
Q

How is a change in accounting estimate applied?

A

A change in accounting estimate is applied prospectively (going forward).

No backwards adjustment is made.

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5
Q

Would a change from straight line depreciation to double declining balance be a change in accounting principle or a change in estimate?

How would this change be applied?

A

Change in depreciation method would be a change in accounting estimate.

It is applied prospectively.

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6
Q

How is a correction of an accounting error made?

A

Cumulative effect of error gets adjusted to the beginning balances of assets and liabilities in the earliest period presented in the comparative statements.

The correction of the error must be included in the footnotes.

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7
Q

What are the requirements for a prior period adjustment?

A

Effect is Material

Is identifiable in Prior Period

Couldn’t be estimated in Prior Periods

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8
Q

How is a change from a non-GAAP accounting method to a GAAP method recorded?

A

It is treated as a correction of an accounting error.

Cumulative effect of error gets adjusted to the beginning balances of assets and liabilities in the earliest period presented in the comparative statements

Correction of the error must be included in the footnotes

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9
Q

How does an inventory error effect the financial statements?

A

Effect on Ending Inventory : Effect on Net Income

If one is overstated- both overstated. If one is understated- both understated.

Misstating inventory corrects itself after TWO periods.

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10
Q

How is a change in entity recorded?

A

Applied retrospectively.

All prior periods presented for comparative purposes must reflect the change

Footnote disclosures must be made

Changing to Consolidated Statements

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11
Q

What is a serial bond?

A

Any bond that matures in installments

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12
Q

What is a term bond?

A

Any bond that matures on a single date

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13
Q

What is a debenture bond?

A

A bond not secured by any collateral

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14
Q

What is a sinking fund bond?

A

Cash is held in a sinking fund for repayment of bond at maturity

5 years of requirements and maturity details should be disclosed

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15
Q

What is the formula to calculate proceeds of a bond sale?

A

Present Value of the principal payment at maturity+ Present Value of Interest Payments made
: Market Value of Bond Proceeds

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16
Q

How is the present value of a bond calculated?

A

Step 1: PV of $1 @ Yield Rate (not Stated Rate)
x Bond Face Value

PLUS

Step 2: PV of an Ordinary Annuity of $1 for Term @Yield
x (Stated Rate x Face)

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17
Q

Which costs are included in bond issuance costs? How are they recorded?

A

Include Engraving; Printing; Legal; Underwriter; Registration

Debited to a deferred charge account and amortized over life of Bond using S/L

Bond Proceeds - Bond Issuance Costs : Net Bond Proceeds

Time of amortization begins when issued

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18
Q

How are bonds reported when classified as trading securities?

A

Reported at FMV with unreleased gains and losses being included in earnings

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19
Q

How are bonds amortized under the interest method?

A

Both discount and premium amortization amounts increase each year

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20
Q

Describe the book value method when converting from bonds to stocks.

A

No gain or loss recognized

APIC is the plug for the difference between the Bond’s Book Value and the Par Value of the Common Stock

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21
Q

What is the stated rate for a bond?

A

Rate on the face of the bond

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22
Q

What is the market rate on a bond?

A

Rate that bonds are currently selling for

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23
Q

What happens when the bond’s market rate is greater than the stated rate?

A

Bond will need to sell at a discount in order for buyers to be interested. The difference in market rate vs. the stated is made up by the buyer purchasing the bond for less than par value

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24
Q

What happens when a bond’s market rate is less than the stated rate?

A

Bond will need to sell at a premium in order for buyers to be interested. The difference in market rate vs. the stated is made up by the buyer purchasing the bond for more than par value

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25
How does accrued interest on a bond affect the purchase price?
The total cash that seller receives will be MORE than they normally would (set aside any considerations for premium or discount; they are irrelevant for this point). Basically; the purchaser of the bonds must give the bond issuer the amount of accrued interest up front.
26
When does interest expense start accruing on a bond?
When the bonds are issued
27
How is an interest payment on a bond calculated?
Cash for payment : Stated rate x Face amount
28
What amount of interest is expensed on a bond interest payment?
Interest expense : effective yield x carrying value Any difference between expense and cash payment is applied as amortization against premium/discount
29
What are convertible bonds? Which recording method is used?
Bonds that can be converted to stock Book value method used if no gain or loss Market value method used if there is a gain or loss
30
How is the retirement of bonds recorded?
Gain or Loss is Ordinary Extraordinary if both unusual and infrequent
31
When is a gain recognized in a debt restructuring?
If terms are modified; and future payments are now less than the carrying amount of the debt; then a Gain is recognized
32
What is the gain recognized under a settlement of debt?
Gain recognized: Difference between cash paid and carrying amount of debt Difference between non-cash asset given and re-valued at FMV and debt carrying amount
33
For a creditor; how is a loan impairment recorded?
If future cash flows discounted at loan's Effective Interest Rate are less than Carrying Value: Effective Rate calculated using original rate; not modified rate
34
When is the fair value method used for recording interest in a separate company?
20% Ownership or Less Accounted for as a purchase If amount paid is less than fair value; results in a gain in current period
35
When is the equity method used when purchasing another company's stock? How is it recorded?
Ownership 21% to 50% Gives significant influence Purchase Price - Par Value : Goodwill Dividends received from the investee reduce the investment account and are not income
36
When are companies required to file consolidated financials? How is it recorded?
Ownership of other company is greater than 50% Investment account is eliminated Only parent company prepares consolidated statements; not subsidiary. Acquired assets/liabilities are recorded at Fair Value on acquisition date. Eliminating entries for inter-company sales of inventory & PPE; also inter-company investments
37
When is consolidation not required?
Ownership less than 50% OR Majority owner does not control - i.e. bankruptcy or foreign bureaucracy
38
What occurs under a step acquisition?
Acquirer held previous shares accounted for under Fair Value Method or Equity Method; and are now re-valued to Fair Value Results in a Gain or Loss in current period
39
What is the difference between an acquisition and a merger?
Acquired companies continue to exist as a legal entity - their books are just consolidated with the parent company in the parent's financial statements Merged companies cease to exist and only the parent remains
40
How are acquisition costs recorded in a merger?
Expensed in period incurred - i.e. NOT capitalized: Accounting; Legal; Valuation; Consulting; Professional Netted against stock proceeds: Stock registration and issuance costs
41
What is a current asset?
Cash plus other assets that are expected to be sold or converted to cash during the current operating cycle Includes: Demand deposits, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, pre-paids, and short-term investments
42
What is a current liability?
A liability expected to be paid within 12 months or less
43
How is the Quick Ratio calculated?
(Cash + A/R + Trading Securities) / Current Liabilities
44
How is the Current Ratio calculated?
Currents Assets / Current Liabilities
45
How is Working Capital calculated?
Currents Assets - Current Liabilities
46
How is A/R Turnover calculated?
Credit Sales / Average A/R
47
How is Inventory Turnover calculated?
COGS / Average Inventory
48
How is Day Sales in Inventory calculated?
365 / Inventory Turnover
49
How is Days to Collect A/R calculated?
Average A/R / Average Sales per Day
50
How are gain contingencies recorded?
They are NOT accrued due to Conservatism
51
When are loss contingencies recorded?
If Probable - they are accrued (if estimable) and disclosed If Reasonably Possible - they are disclosed If Remote - don't accrue or disclose
52
What is a temporary difference related to deferred taxes?
GAAP says to recognize a revenue/expense in one period and tax laws say to recognize it in another Example: Dividends from a subsidiary accounted for using the Equity Method - tax income but not book income
53
What is a deferred tax asset?
Deduction will reduce future income taxes expense.
54
What is a deferred tax liability?
Income will be taxable in a future period and will increase future tax expense
55
Which period's tax rate is used to calculate a deferred tax asset or liability?
The FUTURE enacted tax rate not the current one. It is never discounted to present value.
56
What valuation allowance is used with respect to a deferred tax asset?
If it isprobable that not all of a Deferred Tax Asset (debit) will be realized then the Deferred Tax Asset account must be written down (credit) to reflect this
57
What effect do permanent differences have on deferred income taxes?
They have no tax impact. When calculating the total differences between book and tax income subtract the permanent differences from the total before applying a future enacted tax rate
58
What is deferred income tax expense?
The sum of Net Changes in Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities GAAP Method for calculating is theAsset and Liability Approach Note: IFRS uses the Liability approach only
59
How are deferred tax assets classified as current or non-current on the balance sheet?
Current Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities will impact income tax expense within 12 months. All current amounts are netted and reported as a single amount on the Balance Sheet Non-Current Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities will impact income tax expense 12 months or more fromt he Balance Sheet Date. All non-current amounts are netted and reported as a single amount on the Balance Sheet
60
How are derivatives recorded?
At cost when acquired re-valued to fair value each period on Balance Sheet.
61
How are unrealized gains/losses on trading securities recorded?
Recorded on income statement
62
How are gains and losses on Available for Sale (AFS) securities recorded?
They are included in Other Comprehensive Income.
63
What is a Fair Value Hedge? How is it recorded?
Fair Value Hedge offsets exposure to changes in the value of a recognized asset/liability or of an unrecognized commitment Initially recorded on Balance Sheet at Fair Value Gains/Losses recorded on Income Statement
64
What is a Cash Flow Hedge? How is it recorded?
Cash flow hedges protect from exposure to fluctuations in cash flows. Initially recorded on Balance Sheet at Fair Value Gains/Losses going to OCI Example: A cereal company enters into a futures contract on grain purchases to offset the risk that grain will go up in price.
65
Where are gains and losses on foreign currency hedges recorded?
In Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)
66
What disclosures are required for derivative transactions?
Objectives and Strategies Context to help investor understand the instrument Risk Management Policies Complete List of Hedged Instruments
67
How do transactions denominated in in a currency other than a company's functional currency affect the income statement?
Fluctuations in that currency cause a gain or loss that must be recognized on the income statement as Income from Continuing Operations
68
What causes a Foreign Currency Transaction G/L?
A change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the transaction currency
69
Where are Foreign Currency Transaction G/L recorded?
Income Statement
70
Where are Foreign Currency Translation G/L recorded?
OCI
71
If the Functional Currency equals the Local Currency - what rate is used for translating Assets and Liabilities?
Current Rate as of the Balance Sheet Date
72
If the Functional Currency equals the Local Currency - what rate is used for translating Revenues and Expenses?
Weighted Average Exchange Rate for the year
73
If the Functional Currency equals the Reporting Currency - what Exchangee Rate is used??
Use Weighted Average - Historical Exchange Rates (Inventory and Pre-paid Assets and Property Plant and Equipment) and Current Exchange Rates (Monetary Assets and Liabilities and Inventory @ Market and Trading Securities and Deferred Taxes)
74
What is the primary objective of accounting?
To measure income
75
What is the most authoritative set of accounting pronouncements?
The FASB Codification All pronouncements fall under the Codification umbrella
76
What are the 2 Levels of Authority within the FASB codification?
Authoritative and Non-Authoritative
77
How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting?
Managerial Accounting has a timeliness focus Managerial Accounting is not required to follow GAAP
78
Which financial reports are required to be filed with the SEC?
Form 10K - Annual and Audited Form 10Q - Quarterly and Reviewed
79
What is the focus of financial reports for individual companies?
Focus is on the needs of users to help them make decisions and assessments about the company Does not make assessments of the economy
80
What are the Primary Constraints of Financial Reporting?
Cost vs. Benefit Materiality
81
What are the Secondary Constraints of Financial Reporting?
Consistency - Year vs. Year Comparability - Company vs. Company
82
What are the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting?
Relevance & Faithful Representation Relevance - Makes a difference to the user Includes: Predictive Value - Future Trends Confirming Value - Past Predictions Materiality - Could affect User Decisions Faithful Representation Includes: Completeness - Nothing omitted that would impact the decision-making of a user Neutrality - Information is presented is without bias Free from Error - No material errors or omissions
83
What are the Enhancing Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting?
Comparability Verifiability Timeliness and Understandability Comparability - Allows users to compare different items among various periods Verifiability - Different people would reach a similar conclusion on the information presented Timeliness - Information is made available early enough to impact the decision making of users Understandability - Information is easy to understand
84
How does Conservatism affect the recording of accounting transactions?
When an estimate is necessary due to uncertainty conservatism chooses the best option that won't overstate the financial position of the company
85
What is an accrual?
Earned (Revenue) or Incurred (Expense) but no Cash Receipt/Outlay yet
86
What is a deferral?
Cash Receipt/Outlay but not Earned (Revenue) or Incurred (Expense)
87
What is recognition in accounting?
When an item is recorded and included in the financial statements
88
Describe fair value with respect to an asset
The price you would receive if you sold the asset Assumes asset is at its highest and best value Assumes asset is sold at its most advantageous market to get the best price possible
89
What market assumptions are made in a fair value assessment?
Buyer and Seller are not Related Buyer and Seller are Knowledgeable Buyer and Seller are able to transact - i.e. This isn't a hypothetical transaction for Fair Value measurement purposes. The buyer actually does have the $10M to purchase the asset you're trying to value at $10M Buyer and Seller are both motivated to buy/sell
90
What items are included in a Level 1 input in the fair value hierarchy?
Price quotes or market prices For example NYSE or NASDAQ
91
What items are included in a Level 2 valuation input?
Interest rates Prime rate
92
What items are included in Level 3 inputs of the fair value hierarchy?
Unobservable inputs such as assumptions or forecasts Lowest priority for valuation
93
What are acceptable valuation techniques for fair value?
Market approach - uses market transactions and prices to value the asset Income approach - uses present value discounts earnings Cost approach - uses replacement cost to value the asset
94
What are current assets?
Cash Inventory or Assets expected to be converted or consumed during a business' operating cycle Deferred Gross Profit on Installment Sales (Contra Asset) Receivables expected to be collected in 12 months or less
95
What are current liabilities?
Liabilities that will use current assets during the present operating cycle
96
What is an accrued liability?
Expense that has been incurred but not paid Example: rents payable
97
What is a deferred revenue?
A type of current liability Payments that have been received but cannot be recorded as revenue yet Example: Tenant pre-pays rent - Landlord still must perform to earn it and is a liability until this happens
98
When are revenues recognized?
When they have been earned; i.e. company has performed
99
What is a gain?
Increase in equity from an activity or event that is not central to the main activities of the business Can be operating or non-operating
100
What is a loss?
Decrease in equity from an activity or event that is not central to the main activities of the business Can be operating or non-operating
101
What is an operating cycle?
Average time it takes to turn materials or services into Cash
102
What is the present value of future cash flows?
Valuation method - the current value of a future amount of money using a specific interest rate
103
What is historical cost?
How much an asset cost - (net of depreciation and amortization)
104
What is replacement cost?
How much it would cost to reacquire an asset today (Entrance Cost)
105
What is a market cost?
The sale price of an asset (Exit Cost)
106
What is Net Realizable Value?
Sale Price of an Asset - Selling/Disposal Fee
107
When is royalty income recognized? How is it recognized?
Recognized when earned If the royalty % is applied against net sales then subtract the estimated return amount from the gross sales first and then apply the royalty rate
108
When is revenue recognized in an installment sale?
Revenue recognized upon receipt of cash Only used when cash collection is uncertain
109
What is deferred gross profit?
Gross Profit that can't be recognized until cash is received D.GP : Gross Profit % x Accounts Receivable Pay attention to the year if GP% varies
110
What is the cost recovery method?
No revenue recognized until all costs are recovered from purchase of the asset Most conservative method of revenue recognition when collection of sale price is uncertain
111
What is subscription revenue? How is it recorded?
Payment has been received but performance is not complete. As company performs revenue is recognized. Recorded as a Deferred Revenue (Liability) on Balance Sheet
112
How are franchise revenues recorded?
Franchisor - Startup franchise fee revenue deferred until substantial performance Franchisee - Costs are deferred until corresponding revenue is recognized
113
How do you calculate sales revenue starting from cash basis income?
Mnemonic: SPEAR-BAR Sales (i.e. Customer Payments) + Ending Accounts Receivable - Beginning Accounts Receivable : Sales Revenue on an Accrual Basis
114
How do you calculate COGS starting from Cash Basis?
Mnemonic: CRAP-I Cash Remitted (i.e. paid) +Increase in Accounts Payable -Increase in Inventory :COGS on an Accrual Basis
115
How are discontinued operations reported? When are they used?
Reported Net of Tax after Continuing Operations but before Extraordinary Items Company decides to cease operating a segment of its business (represents a strategic shift and has major effect on operations and financials) Includes Income (or loss) from the period plus the gain (or loss) from disposal
116
For discontinued operations, what are the three requirements for disposal assets?
They must be Held for Sale - Sold - or Disposed of another way
117
What qualifies as an extraordinary item? How is it recorded?
Both unusual AND infrequent Reported Net of Tax after Discontinued Operations Note: Usual *or* Infrequent Items are reported as part of Continuing Operations
118
What is constant dollar accounting?
Adjusts assets to reflect a consistent level of purchasing power due to inflation Uses the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
119
When are expenses recognized?
When they are incurred. Accrue if not yet paid.
120
What are accrued expenses?
Those incurred but not paid. Product costs - Expenses should be matched with associated revenues as they are recognized (sales commission on a used car sale) Period costs - Expenses amortized and recognized with the passage of time
121
When should impaired assets be written down to fair value and expensed?
Immediately.
122
What major items should be classified under General & Administrative (G&A) expenses?
Office staff salaries Office/building rent Office supplies Note: Sales staff salaries and portions of the building assigned to Sales should be allocated to Selling Expense not G&A
123
What are business start-up costs?
One-time costs for opening a new business Expensed as they are incurred
124
When is interest *not* expensed?
Interest on projects (software) for internal use is not expensed but is instead capitalized
125
What are the major components of Comprehensive Income?
Net Income + Other Comprehensive Income (OCI): Revenues/Expenses Gains/Losses Cumulative accounting adjustments Reclassifications adjustments Non-owner changes in equity
126
What items are considered cumulative accounting adjustments?
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrealized gains on AFS Securities Minimum Pension Liability adjustment for defined benefit plans
127
What is the purpose of a reclassification adjustment?
Avoids double counting items that were included in both Net Income and OCI Example: AFS Securities previously included in OCI are now sold at a loss and reported on the Income Statement
128
Where is Comprehensive Income reported?
Reported in a Single or Combined Income Statement
129
What disclosures on accounting policies are required in financial statements?
Accounting Principles used Basis of Consolidation Inventory Pricing Methods Depreciation Method Amortization of Intangibles
130
What are some major risks and uncertainties that must be disclosed?
Nature of Operations Use of Estimates and listing of Significant Estimates Concentration vulnerability
131
Under Cash Basis Accounting how are Revenue and Expenses recognized?
Revenue is recognized with Cash Inflow and Expenses Recognized with Cash Outflow
132
Is Cash Basis Accounting ok for Tax Returns?
Yes
133
Is Cash Basis Accounting GAAP?
No - GAAP uses Accrual Accounting
134
What is an advantage of Modified Cash Basis Accounting?
It avoids the complexities of GAAP but provides more information that Cash Basis Accounting
135
Is Modified Cash Basis GAAP?
No - GAAP uses Accrual Accounting
136
What are the 3 acceptable options for Income Tax Basis Accounting
Cash Basis - Accrual Basis - Hybrid Method
137
What are the advantages of the Small and Medium Sized Entity Framework?
It simplifies reporting and disclosures for small companies - Reduces Book vs Tax differences - avoids Fair Value measurements (Historical Cost)
138
What are the two options for Income Taxes under the Small and Medium Sized Entity Framework?
Deferred Taxes Method and Taxes Payable Method
139
What are the two options for Startup Costs under the Small and Medium Sized Entity Framework?
Expensed or Amortized (15 years)
140
How is Goodwill treated under the Small and Medium Sized Entity Framework?
Amortized (15 years)
141
How are Research and Development costs recorded?
They are expensed in the period incurred and are not capitalized.
142
Which expenditures are included in the cost of a building?
All expenditures to get the building into working condition are ready for use
143
Which expenditures are included in the cost of land?
All expenditures to get the land ready for its intended use: Title & County Fees Clearing of Land - Dirt work etc. Demolition and removal of old buildings (minus any scrap or salvage) Note: capitalized land costs are not depreciated
144
In an exchange of non-monetary assets how much gain is recognized if no additional cash is exchanged when there is no significant difference in resulting cash flows?
If the cash flows from the assets exchanged are not significantly different no gain or loss is recognized on a non-monetary exchange as it lacks commercial substance. The new asset is recorded at the book value of the asset given up. The only gain that can be recognized is any boot (cash) received.
145
In an exchange of non-monetary assets what gain is recognized if resulting cash flows are significantly different?
If resulting cash flows are significantly different then the transaction has commercial substance and a gain/loss is recorded on the exchange. The new asset is recorded at the FAIR VALUE of the assets given up unless the asset acquired has a fair value that is easier to determine.
146
How is donated property recorded by the donee?
Recorded at Fair Value + costs associated with getting the property into working condition for its designed purpose Exam Tip - Think of a charity holding afair and then donating the property which is then recorded atfair value
147
How is donation of property recorded by the donor?
Recorded at Fair Value of asset given up. Gain or Loss is recorded.
148
How is double-declining balance (DDB) depreciation calculated?
(1 / Useful Life) x 2 x Book Value Ignore salvage value.
149
How is Sum of Year's Digits (SYD) depreciation calculated?
(Cost - Salvage Value) x (Remaining Useful Life / SYD) : Depreciation expense For example the depreciation factor for the third year of a 10-year asset would be: : 8 / (10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1) : 8/55 : 14.5% Remaining useful life : 8 SYD : 55
150
How is straight line depreciation calculated?
(Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful life : depreciation expense
151
When is an asset considered to be impaired? How is impairment loss calculated?
When the un-discounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. Carrying Value - Fair Value : Impairment Loss Note: impaired assets that recover their value can't be written back up once written down
152
How are legal fees to defend a patent amortized?
If the patent is SUCCESSFULLY defended the legal fees are amortized over the patent's economic life. If unsuccessful they are expensed immediately.
153
What are the two steps for testing goodwill impairment?
Compare the CV to the FV. If FV is greater than CV no impairment exists you're done. If impairment appears to exist the assets and liabilities should be compared to the total value of the reporting unit. The difference is Goodwill. Compare this amount to the CV of the Goodwill and write it down accordingly.
154
How are costs for developing software recorded?
Expenses prior to technological feasibility are expensed as R&D. After technological feasibility but prior to production costs are capitalized. Expenses incurred during production are charged to inventory. Expenses incurred training on internal use software are expensed.
155
What expenditures are included in the cost of equipment?
All expenditures to get the asset into working condition and ready for use: ``` Purchase price + liabilities assumed Shipping Taxes Insurance Installation Testing Legal fees Construction loan interest ``` Any alterations to existing facilities or equipment necessary for the new purchase and installation that extend the life or increase the efficiency of these assets are capitalized.
156
What are the three major types of funds in governmental accounting?
Governmental, Proprietary, Fiduciary
157
Which two accounting bases are used in governmental accounting?
Accrual basis - current economic resources focus (revenues recognized when earned) Modified accrual basis - current financial resources focus (revenues recognized when available and measurable)
158
What is a budget appropriation?
The highest amount allowed for a particular expenditure under a budget.
159
What is an encumbrance?
Records purchase and reserves it for the encumbrance.
160
What is the opening budgetary entry?
Dr Estimated Revenues Control Cr Appropriations Control Dr/Cr Budgetary Fund Balance (plug)
161
What is the closing budgetary entry?
Dr Appropriations Control Dr/Cr Budgetary Fund Balance (plug) Cr Estimated Revenues Control
162
What are the types of governmental funds?
``` General Fund Special Revenue Fund Permanent Fund Capital Projects Fund Debt Service Fund ```
163
What is a General Fund?
The operating fund of the governmental unit Records Significant Revenues: Taxes; Tickets; Fines; Licenses Records Significant Expenditures: Police; Education; Fire Dept
164
What is a Special Revenue Fund?
Restricted for a specific purpose such as street repair.
165
What is a Permanent Fund?
Legally restricted fund; where only earnings can be used to fund programs. Principal remains intact.
166
What is a Capital Projects Fund?
Used to acquire and build facilities.
167
What is a Debt Service Fund?
Handles repayment of long-term debt and related interest.
168
Which fund statements are issued in Governmental Accounting?
Balance Sheet Statement of Revenues; Expenditures; and Changes in Fund Balance
169
When is Revenue recorded in Governmental Accounting?
When it is BOTH available and measurable; regardless of when it is spent.
170
What is Derived Tax Revenue?
Money collected from people doing things: Sales tax (buying cars) or income tax (people working)
171
What is Imposed Tax Revenue?
Tax assessed just because things exist Example: property tax on a car (even if it's never driven); real estate tax Recorded as a revenue when BUDGETED. Estimated uncollectible property tax revenues don't offset revenues; so don't net them.
172
What are the types of Proprietary Funds?
Internal Service Funds - to serve the needs of other governmental units (i.e. motor pool) Enterprise Funds - provide goods or services to external users (i.e. post office)
173
What are the Fund Balance Types?
``` Restricted - Restricted by Contributor Committed - Restricted by Government Assigned - Intended for a purpose Unassigned - Available to be spent Non-spendable - Not in a spendable state ```
174
What are the types of Fiduciary Funds?
Agency Fund - government acts as an agent or custodian Pension Trust Fund - Government is a trustee for a pension plan Investment Trust Fund - Government is a trustee over a series of investments Private Purpose Trust - Trust that benefits various individuals and entities
175
How are Assets & Liabilities presented on the Statement of Net Position?
Assets (Current & Non-Current) Deferred Outflows of Resources Liabilities (Current & Non-Current) Deferred Inflows of Resources
176
How are Capital Assets shown on a governmental Statement of Net Assets?
They are shown net of debt Asset Cost - Accumulated Depreciation - Asset Liabilities : Net Assets
177
How is infrastructure reported on a governmental Statement of Net Assets?
Modified approach: Reported at cost; no accumulated depreciation
178
How is a Statement of Net Assets divided?
Into Governmental Activities and Business Activities
179
How are activities presented in a Statement of Activities?
They are divided by function If the activities of a component are distinguishable from the rest of the governmental entity; then discreet presentation is required If the activities of the component cannot be identified and separated from the rest of the governmental activities; then blended presentation is warranted. Component units are reported in the Entity-Wide Financial Statements and not the Fund Financial Statements.
180
What is the primary objective of governmental accounting?
To provide information that is useful and benefits a wide range of users including: Costs of services provided Sufficiency of revenues to cover costs Financial position of entity
181
What Financial Statements are required for Defined Benefit Pension plans?
Statement of Fiduciary Net Position and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position
182
What are the components of the Statement of Fiduciary Net Position for Defined Benefit Pension Plans?
Assets; Deferred Outfows; Liabilities; Deferred Outflows; Fiduciary Net Position
183
What are the components of the Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position for Defined Benefit Pension plans?
Additions (Contributions and Net Investment Income) - Deductions (Benefits Payments and Admin Expense) : Net Change in Fiduciary Net Position
184
What should be included in the Financial Statement notes for Defined Benefit Pension Plans?
Types of Benefits; Plan Member Classes; Board Information; Investment Policies and FV Determination
185
Which organization's standards are the most authoritative in the hierarchy of international accounting?
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
186
Where is the first place management should look for guidance on international recognition and accounting policies?
The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the IASB
187
Which framework helps to develop standards for international accounting?
The IASB Framework * The framework is NOT a standard itself * The framework does not supersede any standard's authority
188
What is the objective of the IFRS framework?
To provide users with information on international accounting.
189
Which assumptions are followed within the IRFS framework?
Entity is a Going Concern | Entity uses the accrual basis of accounting.
190
What are the Qualitative Characteristics of accounting information within IFRS?
Relevance & Faithful Representation Relevance - Makes a difference to the user Includes: Predictive Value - Future Trends Confirming Value - Past Predictions Faithful Representation Includes: Completeness - Nothing omitted that would impact the decision-making of a user Neutrality - Information is presented is without bias Free from Error - No material errors or omissions
191
What are the Enhancing Characteristics of IFRS?
Comparability - Allows users to compare different items among various periods Verifiability - Different people would reach a similar conclusion on the information presented Timeliness - Information is made available early enough to impact the decision making of users Understandability - Information is easy to understand
192
How does comparability differ under GAAP versus IFRS?
Comparative information from prior year is required under IFRS. GAAP requires that if multiple years are presented they are consistently prepared however it doesn't require prior year comparative statements.
193
What is the Pervasive Constraint within IFRS?
Cost vs. Benefit
194
Which items are considered reporting elements under IFRS?
``` Asset Liability Equity Income Expense ```
195
What are the criteria for recognition on IFRS financial statements?
Probable future economic benefit Can be measured reliably If the value or outcome cannot be measured reliably IFRS requires the use of the Cost Recovery Method.
196
When transitioning to IFRS what type of financial statement must be produced for the first reporting period?
A full comparative statement using IFRS.
197
If IFRS was implemented in June 2012 for use in the December 31 2012 financial statements what is the Date of Transition?
January 1 2011 because a full year of comparative statements is required from the previous year
198
For Property Plant and Equipment which election is the most efficient method for converting assets to IFRS?
The Fair Value election
199
Where on the financial statements are adjustments for adopting to IFRS made?
In the entity's retained earnings or equity
200
How is going concern different under IFRS than from GAAP?
Going Concern is an assumption under IFRS
201
How are extraordinary items treated under IFRS?
IFRS doesn't allow extraordinary items.
202
How is the completed contract method used under IFRS?
Completed contract method is not allowed under IFRS.
203
How is LIFO treated under IFRS?
IFRS does not allow LIFO.
204
Which financial statements are required under IFRS?
Statement of Comprehensive Income Statement of Changes in Equity
205
How is the term income used in IFRS?
Income is used instead of revenue and encompasses BOTH revenue and gains.
206
How is the term profit used in IFRS?
In IFRS the term profit is used instead of Net Income.
207
How does IFRS treat gains?
They are treated the same as revenue and are not separated on the financial statements.
208
How does IFRS treat losses?
In IFRS losses are treated the same as expenses but they ARE separated on the financial statements.
209
How does refinancing of current liabilities to long-term liabilities under IFRS differ from GAAP?
Under IFRS current liabilities can only be refinanced into a non-current liability if the refinance agreement is EXECUTED prior to the balance sheet date. GAAP requires only *intent* to refinance not actual execution.
210
How do contingent liabilities differ between GAAP and IFRS?
Under GAAP there are three classifications of contingent liabilities - Probable Reasonably Possible and Remote. Under IFRS contingencies are uncertain future events and are classified as a provision if probable and measurable even if uncertain in timing or amount.
211
How are bonds recorded under IFRS?
Bonds may be recorded on the Statement of Financial Position using one of two methods Fair Value through profit or loss * Liability revalued at the end of each period * Gain or Loss recognized in period Amortized Cost *Using Effective Interest Method
212
How are deferred taxes treated under IFRS?
They use the liability method - all deferred tax liabilities must be reported but only probable deferred tax assets can be reported. They are non-current on the statement of financial position.
213
When can deferred tax assets and liabilities be netted under IFRS?
ONLY if they are related to the same country/taxing authority For example China Deferred Tax Assets can't offset Japan Deferred Tax Liabilities
214
Which tax rates are used for calculating deferred tax assets/liabilities under IFRS?
The enacted rate or substantially enacted tax rate. | GAAP is the enacted tax rate only
215
Which items are recorded on the Income Statement in IFRS?
``` Income Finance Costs Tax Expense Discontinued Ops Profit/Loss Non-controlling interest in Profit/Loss Net profit/loss attributable from equity ```
216
How are property plant and equipment (PP&E) recorded and valued under IFRS?
Recorded at cost Valued using either: Cost model - asset carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss Revaluation model - asset adjusted to fair value less accumulated depreciation
217
What are the requirements for using the revaluation model for PP&E under IFRS?
Asset must be able to be reliably measured Must be applied to whole class of assets not just one asset No guidance on how often assets should be revalued under IFRS
218
How is investment property reported under IFRS?
Initially recorded at cost Revalued using either Fair Value model or Cost model
219
How is profit or loss recorded in the current period for investment property under the Fair Value model of IFRS?
Recorded on the Income Statement Investment P/L : IS PP&E P/L : OCI
220
Under IFRS how is investment property reported under the Cost Model?
Carried at Cost minus Accumulated Depreciation Fair Value must still be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements
221
How are leases reported under IFRS?
Operating Leases can be recorded as Investment Property if measured at Fair Value All other investment property must use Fair Value Model if one asset uses it
222
How are intangible assets valued under IFRS?
Using either the Cost Model (cost less Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Loss) or the Revaluation Model (Fair Value less Accumulated Depreciation)
223
How is internally generated goodwill reported under IFRS?
It is not recognized.
224
How is amortization of intangibles handled under IFRS?
If asset has a finite life it is amortized over useful life. If asset has indefinite life it is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting date.
225
When must a lease be recorded as a Finance Lease under IFRS?
If the substantial risks of ownership have passed to the Lessee then the Lease must be accounted for as a Finance Lease
226
How are defined benefit plans recorded under IFRS?
Project-unit-credit method calculates the PV of the defined benefit obligation
227
How are interest expense and/or finance costs classified on an IFRS statement of cash flows?
They can be classified as either Operating or Financing Once a classification is chosen all future costs must be classified there
228
How are significant non-cash transactions recorded on an IFRS statement of cash flows?
They must be included in the notes to the financial statements.
229
Which costs are inventoriable?
Purchases - Net of Discounts, Freight, Warehouse expenditures
230
When does ownership of goods transfer when shipped FOB Shipping Point?
FOB Shipping Point puts the inventory into the hands of the buyer from the loading dock
231
When does ownership transfer when goods are sent FOB Destination?
FOB Destination keeps the items in the seller's inventory until it reaches the buyer
232
Which costs are non-inventoriable?
Sales Commissions Interest on liabilities to vendors Shipping expense to customers
233
When are discounts recorded under the gross method?
Under the gross method, discounts are recorded only when used.
234
Under the net method, when are discounts recorded?
Under the net method, discounts are recorded whether used or not. Unused discounts are allocated to financing expense.
235
How is gross margin calculated?
Gross Margin : Sales - COGS (BI + P - EI)
236
Describe the periodic inventory system.
Inventory is counted at certain times throughout the period Weighted-average cost flow method is used.
237
Describe the perpetual inventory system.
Inventory count continually updated Uses a moving-average cost flow method
238
In periods of rising prices, under which cost flow system would ending inventory be the same under both periodic and perpetual inventory methods?
Under the FIFO system, periodic and perpetual inventory methods will both have the same ending inventory.
239
How is inventory turnover calculated?
COGS / Average Inventory
240
How is Average Day's Sales in inventory calculated?
365 / Inventory Turnover
241
Under a consignment system, who holds the consigned goods in inventory?
The CONSIGNOR holds the consigned items in their inventory count. The cost includes the shipping to the consignee.
242
Under a consignment system, does the consignee hold consignment inventory in their own inventory?
No. Consignment goods are maintained in the inventory of the consignor, not the consignee.
243
What effect does overstatement or understatement of inventory have on ending retained earnings?
Misstatement of beginning inventory does NOT have an effect on ending retained earnings. Misstatement of ENDING inventory does have an effect on retained earnings.
244
How does misstatement of ending inventory effect Ending Retained Earnings?
EI Over : COGS Under : ERE Over EI Under : COGS Over : ERE Under
245
Which costs are included in COGS first under the FIFO (first in first out) system?
The first (oldest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your oldest inventory on the shelf cost you $1 when you bought it, COGS is $1 This is just for inventory pricing. It has nothing to do with physically selling the oldest item on the shelf - It is purely for accounting purposes
246
Which costs are included in COGS under the LIFO (last in first out) system?
The last (newest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your newest inventory on the shelf cost you $1.50 when you bought it, COGS is $1.50
247
How is Weighted Average Cost Per Unit calculated under a weighted average inventory system?
COGAS / Total Units : Weighted Average Cost Per Unit
248
How does FIFO's COGS relate to LIFO's in a time of changing prices?
FIFO's relationship to COGS will be opposite LIFO's relationship to COGS in periods of falling/rising prices.
249
How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of rising prices?
FIFO has the Lowest COGS FIFO is a cat that sees a mouse starts Low and is Rising If COGS is Low, that means EI is High
250
How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of falling prices?
FIFO has the Highest COGS Remember: FIFO, that silly cat, got High from Catnip and is Falling off the couch If COGS is High, that means EI is Low
251
Under a Lower of Cost or Market, how are the benchmarks calculated?
Market Ceiling : Net Realizable Value : Selling Price - Selling Costs Market : Replacement Cost Market Floor : Net Realizable Value - Normal Profit
252
How are Available-For-Sale securities recorded on the Balance Sheet?
At Fair value as either Current or Non-current assets.
253
How are Available-For-Sale security Unrealized G/L treated?
Included in OCI (Other Comprehensive Income)
254
How are Unrealized G/L for Available-For-Sale securities that are reclassified to Held-to-Maturity or Trading Securities treated?
HTM - Stockholder's Equity / Trading Securities - Current Period.
255
How are Held-to-Maturity securities recorded on the Balance Sheet?
Amortized cost as Current or Non-current assets. If reclassified as AFS - Unrealized G/L go to Stockholder's Equity If reclassified as Trading Securities - Unrealized G/L recognized in Current Period
256
How are Held-to-Maturity securities Unrealized G/L treated?
Trick question - Unrealized gains or losses are not applicable because they are HTM
257
How are Trading Securities recorded on the Balance Sheet?
At Fair Value as a Current Asset Unrealized gains/losses are recorded on the Income Statement If they are reclassified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale- there is no effect upon transfer.
258
How are Trading Securities Unrealized G/L treated?
Recorded on the Income Statement If they are reclassified as HTM or AFS - there is no effect upon transfer.
259
How is a Capital Lease recorded?
Capitalize at cost: Asset & Liability Recorded at Present Value of Future Lease Payments
260
What footnote disclosures are required for a Capital Lease?
Future minimum rental commitments By year - for 5 years All remaining years as a group
261
What are the requirements for a Capital Lease for a lessor?
Same as for lessee (Title- BPO or Substance)- PLUS: Collectability of lease payments is predictable No uncertainties about the lessor reimbursing the lessee for costs incurred
262
What are the characteristics of an Operating Lease for a lessee?
Risk of ownership does NOT pass No asset or liability is recorded on the financial statements Leasehold improvements - capitalized and depreciated over the lesser of lease life or leasehold improvement's life.
263
What are the characteristics of an Operating Lease for a LESSOR?
Rent revenue recorded Leased property remains an asset and depreciated by lessor If payments fluctuate over the term of the lease- rent revenue recognized on a straight line basis
264
What are the characteristics of a Direct Financing Lease?
Interest Revenue (or expense for lessor) decreases with passage of time Principal amount increases with each payment Carrying amount of Lease decreases
265
How is a sale-leaseback recorded?
Any profit on the sale is deferred and amortized Exception: If PV of lease payments is 10% or less of the asset's FMV- the gain is recognized If PV of lease payments is greater than 10% of FMV and the lease is operating- all of the gain is recognized except the amount of the PV of the lease payments
266
What are the characteristics of lease payments under an annuity due situation?
Payments begin at the start of the lease period Think: Rent/Mortgage payments are Due at the first of the month
267
What are the characteristics of lease payments under an ordinary annuity situation?
Payments begin after the end of the first year Think: An annuity that pays you at the end of each year
268
What are the characteristics of a Capital Lease for a lessee?
Risk of ownership passes to lessee by: Title, Bargain Purchase Option (BPO), Substance - Lease is more than 75% of asset's useful life or PV of minimum lease payments are more than 90% of fair value
269
Which financial statements are required for not - for - profit organizations?
Statement of Financial Position Statement of Activities Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Functional Expense (Volunteer Health Organizations Only)
270
What are the major classifications found on a Statement of Financial Position?
Similar to Balance Sheet: Assets Liabilities Net Assets Unrestricted Assets Permanently Restricted Assets Temporarily Restricted Assets
271
What are the major classifications in a Statement of Activities?
Similar to an Income Statement - organization - wide: Revenues Expenses - ONLY deducted from Unrestricted Revenues Gains and Losses Changes in Net Asset classes Unrestricted Permanently Restricted Temporarily Restricted
272
What are the characteristics of a Statement of Cash Flows for not - for - profits? What are the major classifications?
Both direct and indirect methods are OK Operating Activities - Unrestricted Revenues and Unrestricted Expenses Investing Activities Financing Activities - Endowments and restricted contributions
273
Which organizations are required to present a Statement of Functional Expenses?
Volunteer Health Organizations
274
Which statements are required for non - governmental hospitals?
Balance Sheet Statement of Operations Statement of Changes in Net Assets Statement of Cash Flows Financial Statement Notes
275
Which basis of accounting is used for revenues and net assets?
Accrual basis of accounting is used Only external parties can restrict the use of assets (permanent or temporary) Assets earmarked internally by management are still classified as unrestricted
276
What are the characteristics of unrestricted assets or revenue?
No restrictions or conditions placed on entity in order to use the resources Note: assets earmarked internally by management are still unrestricted
277
When are revenues on contributions recognized?
Revenues on contributions are recognized in the year received - not the year the contribution is spent and are recorded at Fair Value on the date received
278
When are services rendered considered contributions?
If the organization would have otherwise paid for them or They increase the value of a non - monetary asset
279
Is hospital charity care revenue?
NO. It is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements only.
280
How are unconditional pledges to contribute recorded?
Classified as revenue in the current year only - multi - year future contributions fall under Temporarily Restricted.
281
Which revenues are expenses deducted from?
Expenses ONLY deducted from Unrestricted Revenues - not Temporary or Permanently Restricted Revenues/Assets
282
What are the characteristics of temporarily restricted assets/revenue?
Use is restricted to a future time - which could then convert to unrestricted - Class: Temp. Restricted Revenue Unrestricted contributions promised (including multi - year contributions) - but not yet received are actually restricted by time and are therefore classified as Temporarily Restricted Assets - Multi - year contributions are recorded at the present value of the future contributions
283
What are the characteristics of an endowment?
Use of investment is restricted - but income from investment could be either restricted or unrestricted Must be under control of receiving entity (Quasi Endowment) in order to be recorded in unrestricted net assets Otherwise - a memo entry is recorded
284
When is the donation of an art collection recognized as a contribution or asset?
Not recognized as assets or contribution revenue if they are held of display or education' or their sale results in the purchase of similar items
285
When both Temporarily Restricted Assets and Unrestricted Assets are available for use - which assets are used first?
Temporarily restricted assets are used before Unrestricted assets.
286
How is a refundable advance recorded by a not for profit?
Classified as a Liability Promise to contribute assets pending on certain conditions being met Becomes unconditional once the possibility that it won't happen is remote
287
How are investments recorded and valued in not - for - profit accounting?
Fair Value is mostly used Exception - Equity method used when significant influence exists
288
How are scholarships recorded?
As a reduction of revenue - netted against college's tuition
289
How is depreciation expense recorded by a not - for - profit?
Depreciation expense is allocated proportionately to various functions
290
How are capital contributions with a mortgage attached recorded in a partnership for financial statement purposes?
Calculating the capital balance when property contributed has a mortgage results in the FV of the Asset being netted against the Liability
291
If no goodwill is recorded upon admission of a new partner - which method is used for recording the new partner's interest?
The bonus method: Old Partnership Equity + New Partner Contribution : New Partnership Equity x New Partner % : New Partner Equity Amount New Partner Contribution - New Partner Equity Amount : Bonus to Prior Partners using same allocation as P/L
292
If goodwill is recorded upon admission of a new partner - how is the partner's interest recorded?
Using the goodwill method: New Contribution / New Equity % : Partnership Value Implied Value of Partnership - Capital Accounts of all partners : Goodwill to Old Partners Under the Goodwill Method - the new Partner is paying an amount for a certain percentage stake in the partnership. For instance if they pay $1000 for a 25% stake - then it is assumed that the Partnership is worth $4 -000 ($1 -000/25%)
293
At what value should assets contributed to a partnership be recorded? What value for liabilities assumed by the partnership?
Fair Value for assets contributed. Present value of remaining cash flows for liabilities assumed.
294
Which Personal Financial Statements are required?
Required: Statement of Financial Condition (Statement of Changes in Net Worth is optional)
295
How are assets and liabilities valued in a Personal Financial Statement?
Estimated current value
296
How are estimated taxes that would be paid if all assets were converted into cash and all liabilities paid presented on a Personal Financial Statement?
Presented on Statement of Financial Condition between Liabilities and Net Worth
297
What is the general presentation on a statement of financial condition?
Assets - Liabilities - Estimated taxes on assets sold : Net Worth
298
How is life insurance presented on a Personal Financial Statement?
Only shown if there is cash surrender value It is shown net of loans against the policy
299
How are business interests shown on a Personal Financial Statement?
Business Interests that constitute a large percentage of total assets should be separated from other investments
300
What is the discreet view in an Interim Financial Statement?
Interim period is a separate accounting period - not GAAP Same accounting principles used for annual reporting should be used.
301
What is the integral view in an Interim Financial Statement?
Interim period is a part of the annual period - GAAP Gross profit method may be used to estimate COGS and inventory Temporary declines in inventory aren't recognized
302
How are discontinued operations & extraordinary items reported in Interim Financial Statements?
Aren't prorated Fully recognized in Interim Period as incurred If it occurs in Q3 - it's recognized in Q3
303
How are cumulative gains and losses reported in Interim Financials?
Reported as if they occurred in the first quarter
304
How is inventory valuation handled in Interim Financials?
If inventory experiences a decline in value during an interim period - the loss is recognized in the interim period If the loss is expected to be only temporary - no loss is recognized
305
What is one of the primary problems with interim reporting?
The matching principle gets messed up - Expenses incurred in one period may benefit future periods
306
For whom is Segment Reporting required?
Publicly traded companies
307
What factors cause a segment to be significant and therefore to be reported separately?
Revenue of segment is 10% or more of total Profit is 10% or more of total Segment assets are 10% or more of total 75% Test - All segment revenues must equal 75% of total external revenues
308
What is the disclosure requirement regarding sales of 10% or more for one customer?
If 10% or more of enterprise revenue comes from one customer - the segment making the sales must be disclosed
309
What items are included in operating activities on the Statement of Cash Flows?
Cash received from Customers- Interest & Dividends- Trading Securities Cash paid to Vendors- Suppliers- Interest- Taxes- Trading Securities
310
What items are included in investing activities on a Statement of Cash Flows?
Cash received: Sale of PP&E- Sale of Investments- Loan Principle Cash paid: Loans- Acquisitions- AFS or HTM Securities- Taxes- Trading Securities
311
What items are included in Financing Activities in a Statement of Cash Flows?
Cash received: Issuance of Stock- Issuance of Debt Cash paid: Dividends
312
What is the direct method for a Statement of Cash Flows?
Starts with Income from Continuing Operations Adjusts for changes in accounts like A/R- A/P- Inventory and non-cash revenues- expenses- gains- losses If used- the Indirect Method must also be shown
313
What is the Indirect Method for a Statement of Cash Flows?
Starts with Net Income Adjusts for changes in accounts like A/R- A/P- Inventory and non-cash revenues- expenses- gains- losses
314
When common stock and preferred stock are issued in a lump sump purchase- how is APIC allocated?
APIC for each is allocated by its respective % of the total FMV of the shares x the proceeds.
315
When is APIC recorded on a stock subscription?
APIC increases on date subscription is recorded - not on the date paid for or issued
316
To what extent is retained earnings restricted if legally restricted due to Treasury Stock?
It will be restricted to the extent of the balance in the Treasury Stock account.
317
When are dividends in arrear recorded for cumulative preferred stock?
They are not accrued until declared.
318
When are dividends in arrears included as a disclosure and not an accrual in the financial statements?
If a year passes and no Cumulative Preferred Stock is declared- then the dividends in arrears are included as a disclosure - not an accrual in the Financial Statements.
319
What is the gain or loss when a non-monetary asset is distributed to a shareholder?
The gain or loss is the difference between the FMV of the asset distributed at the date of distribution and its carry amount on the company's books
320
What is the effect on retained earnings when a non-monetary asset is distributed to a shareholder?
The effect on Retained Earnings is the Carrying Amount of the asset RE will be debited when the dividend is declared for the FMV of the asset- which is more (or less) than the carrying amount Gain/Loss recorded when the asset is distributed will offset the original effect of the debt to RE and will be a wash The net effect of the entry is that RE will decrease by the CV of the asset
321
When is Retained Earnings debited for FMV of Stock for a stock dividend?
When Stock Dividend is less than 25% of Common Stock outstanding
322
When is Retained Earnings debited for Par Value for a stock dividend?
When Stock Dividend is greater than 25% of common stock outstanding
323
What is the effect of a stock dividend or a stock split on total shareholder equity?
Stock dividends and stock splits both have no effect on Total Shareholder Equity
324
What is the affect on APIC from a stock split?
Stock splits only affect par value - APIC remains the same.
325
When is compensation expense recorded at the time of grant for a stock option?
Compensation expense is recorded at the time of grant if options are exercisable immediately They are based on past service. Expense recognized : FV Stock Option x # of Shares
326
What interest rate is used to discount stock options?
The risk-free interest rate
327
What date is used as the measurement date for share-based payments classified as liabilities?
The settlement date.
328
How are compensation costs for share-based payments classified as liabilities measured?
Compensation costs for share-based payments classified as liabilities are measured by the change in the fair value of the instrument for each reporting period
329
What is the net increase to shareholder equity in a reorganization where a company pays cash and issues stock to satisfy unsecured creditors?
Net increase to SHE : Gain on settlement of debt + Credit to SHE from stock issuance
330
What is the primary purpose of a quasi-reorganization?
To eliminate a deficit balance in RE by restating its assets to Fair Value It does not directly protect a company from its creditors
331
How is return on Common Stockholder's Equity calculated?
(Net Income - P/S Dividends) / Average Common Stockholders Equity Note: Average CSE : Common Stock + RE
332
How is book value per share of common stock calculated?
Total Shareholder Equity - Total Preferred Stock - P/S Dividends in Arrears - P/S Liquidation Premium :Total Book Value Book Value per Share : Total Book Value / Shares outstanding
333
How is the dividend per share payout ratio calculated?
Dividends per share / earnings per share
334
How is basic Earnings Per Share (EPS) calculated?
(Net Income - Preferred Dividends) / Average C/S Outstanding Note - If cumulative- subtract the P/S dividend regardless of whether or not they're declared.
335
For EPS purposes- which date is used for calculation purposes when a stock split or stock dividend has occurred?
For EPS purposes- treat C/S stock splits or stock dividends as if they occurred at the beginning of the year- regardless of when actually issued during the year
336
For which areas is EPS required to be shown?
EPS is only required to be shown for Income from Continuing Operations and Net Income. All others (discontinued operations- extraordinary items) can be shown on the Financial Statements or in the notes
337
When do stock options increase share outstanding?
Only if they are dilutive. Their exercise price is LESS than the market value If not- you ignore them in the calculation
338
How is EPS calculated when convertible bonds are taken into consideration?
[Net Income + Bond Interest (Net of Tax)] / (Average Common Stock Shares + Convertible Equivalents) Bond interest is added back because if converted- there would be no bond interest expense Contingent Issue Agreements are included in Diluted EPS if contingency is met
339
Post date
Description
340
1/22/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
341
2/25/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
342
3/2/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
343
4/12/2014
LONESTARCREMATION.COM 8175460108 TX
344
4/24/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
345
4/25/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA JGQLQQ1P46M
346
4/25/2014
COOK CHLDN PHYS NETWORK FORT WORTH TX
347
5/4/2014
GREAT TANS BENBROOK TX
348
5/4/2014
OLD NAVY #5785 FORT WORTH TX
349
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350
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351
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352
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353
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354
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355
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356
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357
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358
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359
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360
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361
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362
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363
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364
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365
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366
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367
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368
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369
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370
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371
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372
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373
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374
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375
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376
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PAYMENT - THANK YOU
377
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378
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379
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380
7/8/2014
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381
7/10/2014
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382
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383
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384
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385
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386
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387
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388
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389
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390
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391
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392
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393
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394
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395
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396
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397
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398
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399
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400
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401
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402
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403
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404
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405
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406
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407
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408
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409
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410
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411
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412
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413
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414
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415
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416
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418
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419
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420
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421
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422
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423
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424
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425
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426
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427
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428
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429
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430
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431
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432
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433
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434
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435
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436
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437
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INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
438
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439
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440
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441
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442
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443
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444
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445
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446
7/29/2014
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447
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448
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449
7/30/2014
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450
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451
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452
8/1/2014
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453
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454
8/1/2014
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455
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456
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457
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458
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INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
459
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460
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461
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462
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463
8/4/2014
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464
8/4/2014
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465
8/4/2014
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466
8/5/2014
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467
8/5/2014
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468
8/6/2014
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469
8/6/2014
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470
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471
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472
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473
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474
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475
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476
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477
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478
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479
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480
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481
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482
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483
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484
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485
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486
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487
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488
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489
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490
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491
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492
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493
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INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
494
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495
8/21/2014
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496
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497
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498
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499
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500
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501
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502
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503
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504
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505
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506
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507
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508
8/22/2014
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509
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510
8/23/2014
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511
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512
8/23/2014
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513
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514
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515
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516
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517
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518
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519
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520
8/26/2014
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521
8/26/2014
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522
8/27/2014
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523
8/27/2014
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524
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525
8/27/2014
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526
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527
8/28/2014
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528
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PARKING CONCEPTS INC LOC DFW DALLAS TX
529
8/28/2014
PRESS COFFEE FOOD AND PHOENIX AZ 02868R
530
8/28/2014
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531
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INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
532
8/29/2014
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533
8/29/2014
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534
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535
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536
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537
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538
8/29/2014
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539
8/31/2014
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540
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541
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542
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543
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544
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545
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546
9/2/2014
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547
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548
9/2/2014
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549
9/3/2014
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550
9/3/2014
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551
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552
9/3/2014
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553
9/4/2014
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554
9/4/2014
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555
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556
9/5/2014
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557
9/5/2014
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558
9/5/2014
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559
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560
9/5/2014
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561
9/6/2014
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562
9/6/2014
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563
9/6/2014
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564
9/6/2014
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565
9/8/2014
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566
9/8/2014
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567
9/8/2014
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568
9/10/2014
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569
9/10/2014
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570
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571
9/12/2014
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572
9/13/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
573
9/14/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
574
9/14/2014
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575
9/14/2014
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576
9/14/2014
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577
9/15/2014
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578
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579
9/17/2014
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580
9/17/2014
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581
9/18/2014
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582
9/20/2014
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583
9/21/2014
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584
9/22/2014
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585
9/23/2014
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586
9/23/2014
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587
9/23/2014
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588
9/23/2014
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589
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590
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591
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592
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593
9/25/2014
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594
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595
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596
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704 DILLARDS-HULEN FORT WORTH TX
597
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598
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599
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600
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601
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602
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603
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604
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605
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606
9/28/2014
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607
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608
9/27/2014
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609
9/27/2014
RIO VISTA LIQUOR RIO VISTA TX
610
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611
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612
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613
9/29/2014
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614
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615
9/30/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
616
9/30/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
617
9/30/2014
NORTHSIDE ANIMAL CLINIC CLEBURNE TX
618
9/30/2014
REWARD STATEMENT CREDIT
619
9/30/2014
THAI GARDEN CAFE CLEBURNE TX
620
10/1/2014
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621
10/1/2014
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622
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623
10/1/2014
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624
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625
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626
10/2/2014
698 DILLARDS-DDS DIRECT MAUMELLE AR
627
10/2/2014
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628
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629
10/3/2014
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630
10/3/2014
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631
10/3/2014
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632
10/3/2014
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633
10/3/2014
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634
10/3/2014
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635
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636
10/4/2014
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637
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638
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639
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640
10/8/2014
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641
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642
10/10/2014
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643
10/11/2014
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644
10/12/2014
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645
10/12/2014
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646
10/13/2014
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647
10/13/2014
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648
10/13/2014
PETSMART INC 1966 SW FT WORTH TX 1966235410101155325142
649
10/13/2014
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650
10/13/2014
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651
10/13/2014
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652
10/14/2014
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653
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654
10/14/2014
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655
10/15/2014
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656
10/15/2014
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657
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THE HOME DEPOT 6520 CLEBURNE TX
658
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659
10/16/2014
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660
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661
10/16/2014
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662
10/17/2014
#04294 ALBERTSONS CLEBURNE TX
663
10/17/2014
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664
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665
10/17/2014
I-35 LIQUOR DEPOT ALVARADO TX
666
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667
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668
10/18/2014
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669
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670
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CHIPOTLE 0660 FORT WORTH TX
671
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672
10/20/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
673
10/21/2014
CVS/PHARMACY #06818 CLEBURNE TX
674
10/21/2014
REWARD STATEMENT CREDIT
675
10/21/2014
THAI GARDEN CAFE CLEBURNE TX
676
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677
10/22/2014
STARBUCKS #11699 CLEBU CLEBURNE TX 0001152921506331308895
678
10/23/2014
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679
10/23/2014
KIKI LA'RUE 214-282-8010 TX 100134792
680
10/24/2014
STARBUCKS #11699 CLEBU CLEBURNE TX 0001152921506334377023
681
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682
10/26/2014
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683
10/27/2014
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684
10/27/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
685
10/28/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
686
10/29/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
687
10/31/2014
ANOTHER71 8775645028 KS
688
10/31/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
689
10/31/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
690
10/31/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
691
11/1/2014
APOS WESTERN WEAR CLEBURNE TX
692
11/1/2014
BARRERAS CLEBURNE TX
693
11/1/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
694
11/1/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
695
11/1/2014
THE DANG GYM 817-202-8015 TX
696
11/1/2014
THE HOME DEPOT 6520 CLEBURNE TX
697
11/1/2014
THE HOME DEPOT 6520 CLEBURNE TX
698
11/1/2014
WEST CLEBURNE CHICKEN EX CLEBURNE TX
699
11/2/2014
AMAZON.COM AMZN.COM/BILLWA WTPAQXNKSH6
700
11/2/2014
AMAZON.COM AMZN.COM/BILLWA WTP2BVC1GUI
701
11/3/2014
APPLE STORE #R316 FORT WORTH TX 000R316422533501
702
11/3/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
703
11/3/2014
HEB #264 CLEBURNE TX
704
11/3/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
705
11/3/2014
RAISING CANE'S # 94 FT WORTH TX
706
11/3/2014
SUPERCUTS MONTGOMERY PLA FORT WORTH TX
707
11/3/2014
TXTAG 888 468 9824 AUSTIN TX
708
11/4/2014
SQ *RICK MEALOR APPLIA RIO VISTA TX 0001152921506350380130
709
11/4/2014
THAI GARDEN CAFE CLEBURNE TX
710
11/5/2014
BARRERAS CLEBURNE TX
711
11/5/2014
CENTRAL MARKET #545 FT WORTH TX
712
11/5/2014
CHICK-FIL-A #01201 FORT WORTH TX
713
11/5/2014
DERMLASER INSTITUTE 893 CLEBURNE TX
714
11/5/2014
DERMLASER INSTITUTE 893 CLEBURNE TX
715
11/5/2014
MCDONALD'S F6753 BENBROOK TX
716
11/5/2014
RANDALLS STORE 2574 FORT WORTH TX
717
11/5/2014
SIMPLY POSH PETS LLC BENBROOK TX
718
11/5/2014
STAPLES 00112474105 FORT WORTH TX
719
11/6/2014
LESLIES POOL SPLY #880 CLEBURNE TX 00694R
720
11/6/2014
SQ *AAA SERVICES ARLINGTON TX
721
11/7/2014
DFW WELLNESS PHARM ARLINGTON TX
722
11/7/2014
FRESCO'S MEXICAN C BURLESON TX
723
11/7/2014
OLD TOWN BURLESON REST BURLESON TX 00791R
724
11/7/2014
TARGET BURLESON TX
725
11/8/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA D13O8734WV6
726
11/8/2014
HEB #264 CLEBURNE TX
727
11/8/2014
STARBUCKS #11699 CLEBU CLEBURNE TX 0002305843009767403346
728
11/8/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
729
11/9/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
730
11/10/2014
ALLSUP #328 ABILENE TX
731
11/10/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
732
11/10/2014
CVS/PHARMACY #07443 ABILENE TX
733
11/10/2014
OLD NAVY ON-LINE 800-OLDNAVY OH
734
11/10/2014
OLD NAVY ON-LINE 800-OLDNAVY OH
735
11/10/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
736
11/10/2014
VICTORIA'S SECRET CATALO REYNOLDSBURG OH
737
11/11/2014
ANN TAYLOR STORE 0612 BOLINGBROOK IL
738
11/11/2014
PAPA JOHN'S #04131.COM 817-641-7272 TX 01187R
739
11/12/2014
E-Z MART #309 CLEBURNE TX 01259R
740
11/12/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
741
11/13/2014
ANN TAYLOR STORE 0612 BOLINGBROOK IL
742
11/13/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
743
11/13/2014
THAI GARDEN CAFE CLEBURNE TX
744
11/14/2014
ACADEMY SPORTS #74 FORT WORTH TX
745
11/14/2014
CAMPISIS FT. WORTH TX
746
11/14/2014
ESKIMO HUT FORT WORTH TX
747
11/14/2014
OLD NAVY ON-LINE 800-OLDNAVY OH
748
11/14/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #1719 CLEBURNE TX
749
11/14/2014
TRACTOR-SUPPLY-CO #0460 CLEBURNE TX
750
11/16/2014
ANN TAYLOR STORE 1387 FORT WORTH TX
751
11/16/2014
ANN TAYLOR STORE 1387 FORT WORTH TX
752
11/15/2014
AMAZON.COM AMZN.COM/BILLWA M3TCQD3N58N
753
11/15/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
754
11/15/2014
OLD NAVY ON-LINE 800-OLDNAVY OH
755
11/15/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
756
11/16/2014
FAMILY DOLLAR #2346 MIDLAND TX
757
11/17/2014
CHIPOTLE 0660 FORT WORTH TX
758
11/17/2014
FRENCH NAILS CLEBURNE TX
759
11/18/2014
WAL-MART SC - #4509 BENBROOK TX
760
11/19/2014
ACADEMY SPORTS #74 FORT WORTH TX
761
11/18/2014
CARNICERIA MI PUEBLO C CLEBURNE TX
762
11/18/2014
SHELL 57445770605 MIDLAND TX
763
11/18/2014
SHELL 57543632608 WEATHERFORD TX
764
11/18/2014
STRIPES 0107 MIDLAND TX
765
11/18/2014
STRIPES 0272 MIDLAND TX
766
11/18/2014
TACO TS CLEBURNE TX
767
11/19/2014
BARRERAS CLEBURNE TX
768
11/19/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #1719 CLEBURNE TX
769
11/19/2014
WHATABURGER 194 Q80 CLEBURNE TX 01909R
770
11/21/2014
THE HOME DEPOT 6520 CLEBURNE TX
771
11/21/2014
WENDY'S 09614 CLEBURNE TX
772
11/21/2014
J. RAE'S CLEBURNE TX
773
11/21/2014
0304696 TEXACO 03046 CROWLEY TX
774
11/21/2014
4 WHEEL PARTS #40 FORT WORTH TX
775
11/21/2014
CAVENDERS BOOT #22 FORT WORTH TX
776
11/21/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
777
11/21/2014
DAIRY QUEEN #13918 CLEBURNE TX
778
11/21/2014
REWARD STATEMENT CREDIT
779
11/21/2014
SUSHI TAO FORT WORTH TX
780
11/22/2014
BARRERAS CLEBURNE TX
781
11/22/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
782
11/23/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #5799 CLEBURNE TX
783
11/23/2014
TRACTOR-SUPPLY-CO #0460 CLEBURNE TX
784
11/23/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
785
11/24/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
786
11/24/2014
PASTAFINA OF CLEBURNE CLEBURNE TX
787
11/24/2014
SMARTSTYLE CLEBURNE TX
788
11/25/2014
CVS/PHARMACY #06818 CLEBURNE TX
789
11/25/2014
HEB #264 CLEBURNE TX
790
11/25/2014
HUDDLE HOUSE #641 CLEBURNE TX
791
11/25/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
792
11/25/2014
TRACTOR-SUPPLY-CO #0460 CLEBURNE TX
793
11/25/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
794
11/26/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
795
11/26/2014
KROGER #0415 CLEBURNE TX
796
11/26/2014
NORTHSIDE ANIMAL CLINIC CLEBURNE TX
797
11/26/2014
PRIME CORNER CLEBURNE TX
798
11/26/2014
TX DPS DL AUSTIN TX
799
11/28/2014
CAVENDERS BOOT #22 FORT WORTH TX
800
11/27/2014
TXTAG 888 468 9824 AUSTIN TX
801
11/28/2014
0303191 TEXACO 03031 EULESS TX
802
11/28/2014
DFW AIRPORT PARKING DFW AIRPORT TX 02817R
803
11/28/2014
GRUMPS CLEBURNE TX
804
11/28/2014
SP * SAN MARVELOUS 5125577553 TX
805
11/29/2014
ETSY.COM BROOKLYN NY
806
11/29/2014
PRIME CORNER CLEBURNE TX
807
11/29/2014
SP * TMBLWD TEXSTYLES 4694178500 TX
808
12/1/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX
809
12/1/2014
THE DANG GYM 817-202-8015 TX
810
12/2/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
811
12/2/2014
TOYSRUS-BABIESRUS 800-TOYSRUS PA
812
12/4/2014
ANN TAYLOR STORE 0612 8885638444 IL
813
12/5/2014
DODDS SHOE CO LARAMIE WY
814
12/5/2014
INTERNET PAYMENT - THANK YOU
815
12/5/2014
KIKI LA'RUE 214-282-8010 TX 100138624
816
12/5/2014
TRACTOR-SUPPLY-CO #0460 CLEBURNE TX
817
12/6/2014
698 DILLARDS-DDS DIRECT MAUMELLE AR
818
12/6/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA JEMCQ2CD89E
819
12/6/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA FHIDIJI3WCB
820
12/6/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA YJ3YGDFYVI4
821
12/6/2014
CAVENDERS.COM TYLER TX
822
12/6/2014
YOUNIQUE,LLC 844-821-8151 UT 60821307N2GWXGGG
823
12/7/2014
AMAZON MKTPLACE PMTS AMZN.COM/BILLWA KQ8QC7CLD8S
824
12/7/2014
CAVENDERS.COM TYLER TX
825
12/7/2014
HAZELANDOLIVE.COM 281-761-4549 TX C406454569-1
826
12/7/2014
LANGSTONS.COM OKLAHOMA CITYOK
827
12/7/2014
NIKE.COM 800-806-6453 OR
828
12/7/2014
UNDER ARMOUR DIRECT VIRT BALTIMORE MD
829
12/8/2014
NORTHSIDE ANIMAL CLINIC CLEBURNE TX
830
12/9/2014
CAVENDERS.COM TYLER TX
831
12/9/2014
STARBUCKS #11699 CLEBU CLEBURNE TX 0001152921506400750778
832
12/10/2014
BATHANDBODYWORKS.COM 800-756-5005 PA
833
12/10/2014
CAVENDERS.COM TYLER TX
834
12/10/2014
EL TORITO CLEBURNE TX
835
12/11/2014
FRENCH NAILS CLEBURNE TX
836
12/11/2014
SONIC DRIVE IN #1719 CLEBURNE TX
837
12/11/2014
WAL-MART SC - #0228 CLEBURNE TX
838
12/13/2014
CORNER STORE 0732 CLEBURNE TX

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