Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APC > Accounting Principles and Procedures L2 > Flashcards

Accounting Principles and Procedures L2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is GAAP?

A

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the benefit/purpose of GAAP?

A

To improve the clarify of the communication of financial information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 10 principles of GAAP?

A

Regularity

Consistency

Sincerity

Permanence

Non-compensation

Prudence

Continuity

Periodicity

Materiality

Utmost good faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the International Accounting Standards?

A

The older accounting standards that were replaced by IFRS in 2001

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is IFRS?

A

International Financial Reporting Standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why were IFRS introduced to replace IAS?

A

Goal was to make it easier to compare businesses around the world

Wanted to increase transparency and trust in global reporting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is IFRS 16?

A

Effective from 1 January 2019

Requires lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months

IFRS 16 sets out principles for an IFRS reporter to recognise, measure, present and disclose leases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the objective of IFRS 16?

A

Report information that represents lease transactions

Leases need to be placed on balance sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the result of IFRS 16 accounting reporting?

A

Results in increase in assets, liabilities and net debt where leases are brought onto the balance sheet

Can affect key accounting and financial ratios - impacts a companies attractiveness to investors

Provides transparency on companies’ lease assets and liabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What governs the format of company accounts?

A

The Companies Act 2006

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is included in company accounts, as laid out in the Companies Act 2006?

A

Cover page

Information and contents

Directors report

Accountants report

Statutory profit and loss account

Balance sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a profit and loss account?

A

A summary of the business income and expenditure transactions on an annual basis

Gives overall profit / loss figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is taxation?

A

The amount of money or percentage that is owed to HMRC based on company profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is directors remuneration in a profit and loss account?

A

How directors are paid for their services - fees, salary, or dividends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is gross profit calculated?

A

Turnover minus cost of sales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can be determined from gross profit?

A

Not a lot in isolation, but when compared to previous years gross profit then can get an idea of what direction the company is heading in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is depreciation?

A

A reduction in the value of an asset over time EG due to wear and tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is amortisation?

A

A reduction in the value of an intangible asset over time EG spreading out loan payments over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between depreciation and amortisation?

A

Amortisation focuses on intangible assets, whereas depreciation focuses on fixed assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a balance sheet?

A

Outlines companies assets and liabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are assets on a balance sheet?

A

Items the company owns which provide economic benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two types of asset?

A

Fixed / Long-Term EG land, factories

Current / Short-Term EG stock, cash in bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are liabilities?

A

What a company owes to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two types of liability?

A

Long-Term EG not due to be repaid in next year

Current - those due within the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What key piece of information can be concluded from a balance sheet?

A

Whether a company is solvent

How likely it is that the company will still be in business in a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the liquidity ratio?

A

A financial ratio used to determine a company’s ability to pay its short term debt obligations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is liquidity ratio calculated?

A

Current assets divided by current liabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is liquidity ratio interpreted?

A

Figure of 1 means company can exactly pay off its current liabilities

Ratio of less than 1 means it is unable to pay off its current liabilities

29
Q

What is Net Asset Value?

A

Total assets mins total liabilities

Simple way to establish how much a company is worth

Frequently shown as NAV per share

30
Q

What are the three parts of a balance sheet?

A

Assets

Liabilities

Ownership equity

31
Q

What is difference between assets and liabilities known as?

A

Equity / Net Asset Value / Net Worth / Capital

32
Q

What is a cash flow statement?

A

Financial statement that summarises movement of cash in and out of a company

33
Q

Why is cash flow statement believed to be the most intuitive of all financial statements?

A

Shows movement of money in and out of a company, and how well a company is managing it’s cash and growth

34
Q

What is a credit rating?

A

Assessment of an organisations creditworthiness based on previous dealings

Shows ability of organisation to fulfil financial commitments EG pay rent on time

35
Q

What are the main commercial credit rating agencies?

A

Dunn & Bradstreet

Standard and Poor (S&P)

36
Q

Why do companies keep accounts?

A

For regulatory purposes

37
Q

What are the two parts of a Dunn and Bradstreet rating?

A

Financial strength indicator

Risk indicator

38
Q

What is covenant strength?

A

Tenant ability to comply with covenants laid out in their lease

39
Q

What is revenue?

A

Income generated by the sale of products or services

40
Q

What is capital expenditure?

A

Money spent by a business or organisation on acquiring or maintaining fixed assets like land, buildings and equipment

41
Q

What is a financial audit?

A

An objective examination and evaluation of the financial statements to ensure they are fair and accurate

42
Q

What is a ratio analysis?

A

Method of gaining insight into a company’s liquidity, efficiency and profitability by studying its financial statements

43
Q

What are profitability ratios?

A

Show how well a company can generate profit from its operations

44
Q

What are solvency ratios?

A

Compare company debt levels against its assets, equity and earnings

Suggest whether company is solvent and whether they can pay lenders debts

45
Q

What are efficiency ratios?

A

Evaluate how efficiently a company uses assets to generate sales

46
Q

What is credit control?

A

The practice of ensuring debtors do not take too long to pay you

47
Q

What is profitability?

A

Used to determine company profit in relation to the size of the business

48
Q

What is VAT?

A

Value Added Tax

Consumption tax on goods and services

Standard rate 20%, sometimes reduced rate of 5% or Zero rate of 0%

49
Q

Where might you find information on a company’s assets?

A

On their balance sheet

50
Q

Are profit and loss accounts current?

A

No, retrospective

51
Q

What are management accounts?

A

Management accounts are financial reports produced for business owners/managers either quarterly or monthly

Normal includes profit and loss report and balance sheet

Less formal than year end accounts

52
Q

What are company accounts?

A

Documents produced at year end (company financial year end differs)

Shows performance over accounting period

Legally required from all companies under Companies Act 2006

53
Q

When must a company be VAT registered?

A

If company total VAT taxable turnover for last 12 months was over £85,000 OR if turnover is expected to go over £85,000 in next 30 days

54
Q

What is EBITDA?

A

Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation

It is a measure of company profitability

55
Q

What does it mean for a company to go into administration?

A

Company becomes insolvent and is put under management of licenced Insolvency Practitioners

56
Q

What is insolvency?

A

Individual can no longer meet financial obligations, so debts become due

Comes about due to reduction in cash inflow and increase in expenses

57
Q

What is bankruptcy?

A

Person can no longer meet debt payments

Liquidate assets to pay debts, or create payment plan

58
Q

What is receivership?

A

Court appointed tool that that protects a company

Receiver steps in to manage company, it’s assets and all financial decisions

59
Q

What is liquidation?

A

Process where assets are used to pay off debts

Three types - creditors voluntary liquidation, compulsory liquidation and members’ voluntary liquidation

60
Q

Why do surveyors need to be able to interpret company accounts?

A

To assess covenant strength of tenants

61
Q

Where can you find information on company’s financial status?

A

Companies House

62
Q

What is Limitations Act 1980?

A

Outlines time within which creditor can chase debtor for outstanding debt

Only applies when no contact has been made between creditor and debtor within given time limit

63
Q

What is misappropriation of funds?

A

When someone entrusted with managing money, steals it for personal gain

64
Q

What is a financial bond?

A

Fixed income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor, to a borrower

65
Q

What are the 3 tests of insolvency?

A

Cash flow test - check if able to pay bills in near future

Balance sheet test - check if assets are greater than liabilities

Legal action test - check if legal action has been taken against business for debt of £750 or more

66
Q

Consequences of insolvency?

A

Business may go into liquidation and stop trading

Business may go into administration and be sold

67
Q

What is statutory profit?

A

A company’s earnings calculated according to UK GAAP

68
Q

Principles of UK GAAP

A

Principles: Costs, Matching, Revenue Recognition, Full Disclosure and Going Concern

APC (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions