ACED

Question 1

Disagreeing with statements regardless of content

Answer 1

Negativity bias

Question 2

Selecting “Agree” without considering the content of the statements

Answer 2

Acquiescence bias

Question 3

What is the primary aim of avoiding value-laden questions in surveys?

Answer 3

To maintain objectivity and neutrality

Question 4

scenario might a respondent demonstrate:

Selecting the last option on a multiple-choice test

Answer 4

position preference

Question 5

How do researchers mitigate the impact of willingness to answer and position preference?

Answer 5

By providing clear instructions and randomizing response options

Question 6

What method is commonly used in survey research?

Answer 6

Questionnaires or interviews

Question 7

Data about opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors

Answer 7

survey research

Question 8

Private experiences that cannot be directly observed

Answer 8

survey approach allow researchers to study

Question 9

What is the first major step in constructing surveys?

Answer 9

Identifying specific research objectives

Question 10

What is a potential limitation of high imposition of unit in surveys?

Answer 10

It may limit respondents’ ability to fully express complex experiences

Question 11

Which approach in survey construction combines elements of both high and low imposition of unit?

Answer 11

Semi-structured approach

Question 12

How are responses from open-ended questions typically analyzed?

Answer 12

Employing content analysis

Question 13

What is the purpose of Yepez’s INTERSECT method?

Answer 13

To analyze qualitative data

Question 14

What kind of questions allow respondents to provide detailed, qualitative responses?

Answer 14

Open-ended questions

Question 15

What is the primary advantage of content analysis in analyzing open-ended questions?

Answer 15

Facilitates the interpretation of qualitative data

Question 16

When constructing survey questions, what is the primary reason for keeping items simple and unambiguous?

Answer 16

To minimize misunderstanding

Question 17

“Don’t you think it’s necessary to avoid not taking risks?”

Answer 17

double negative in a survey question

Question 18

What is the main concern with double-barreled (compound) questions?

Answer 18

They lead to confusion and unreliable data

Question 19

Which of the following is a revised version of a double-barreled question?

Answer 19

“Do you own a car?”

Question 20

What does an exhaustive response choice aim to prevent?

Answer 20

Ambiguity or omission in response options

Question 21

What is the purpose of separating unrelated ideas into individual questions?

Answer 21

To ensure clarity in responses

Question 22

Exhaustive response choices for comprehensive options

Answer 22

well-constructed survey question

Question 23

The following is concern of what

• Keeping items simple and unambiguous
• Using exhaustive response choices
• Avoiding double negatives

Answer 23

constructing survey questions

Question 24

What is the primary characteristic of a nominal scale?

Answer 24

Assigns distinct categories

Question 25

The following is an example of what scale Gender Marital status Ethnicity

Answer 25

nominal scale variable

Question 26

What type of analysis is the nominal scale useful for?

Answer 26

Descriptive analysis

Question 27

type of scale assigns items to categories without measuring magnitude What information scale capture below; Order of categories Frequency of occurrences Similarities between categories

Answer 27

Nominal scale

Question 28

In an ordinal scale, what do ranks represent?

Answer 28

Relative positions

Question 29

- To rank items based on magnitude Ranks items based on magnitude Indicates relative position or order Does not specify exact intervals

Answer 29

Ordinal scale

Question 30

What does the ordinal scale provide in terms of educational attainment?

Answer 30

Ranks in terms of educational levels

Question 31

Measure the magnitude of differences with equal intervals It measures magnitude with equal intervals between values.

Answer 31

Interval scale

Question 32

What is the primary limitation of an interval scale?

Answer 32

Lacks a true zero point

Question 33

measure of magnitude of the dependent variable Equal intervals and an absolute zero.

Answer 33

ratio scale

Question 34

What kind of scenario is Providing a response even when unsure

Answer 34

willingness to answer

Question 35

Which tendency might lead a respondent to choose the middle option on a Likert scale?

Answer 35

Position preference

Question 36

Surface-level meaning of words

Answer 36

Manifest content

Question 37

What might individuals prioritize over manifest content when responding to survey questions?  

Answer 37

Social desirability concerns

Question 38

A design where two different variables are measured to determine their relationship

Answer 38

correlational design

Question 39

A statistical technique to measure the relationship between two variables

Answer 39

simple correlation

Question 40

The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

Answer 40

Pearson Product Moment Correlation measure

Question 41

What is another name for Pearson Product Moment Correlation?  

Answer 41

Pearson's r

Question 42

What does Pearson’s r compare between two variables?  

Answer 42

The covariance

Question 43

Which assumption of Pearson’s r indicates that each participant has two values for the variables?

Answer 43

Paired data

Question 44

The degree of association between two variables

Answer 44

correlation coefficient measure

Question 45

What is a correlation coefficient of -1 indicative of?

Answer 45

A perfect negative correlation

Question 46

What is another name for negative correlation?

Answer 46

Inverse correlation

Question 47

Experiments lacking manipulation of antecedent conditions

Answer 47

quasi experiments

Question 48

When is an Apparatus section appropriate in an APA research report?

Answer 48

When the equipment is unique or needs detailed explanation.

Question 49

What is described in the Method section of an APA research report? 

Answer 49

Participants Apparatus Materials Procedures.

Question 50

When selection threat combines with another threat.

Answer 50

selection interactions

Question 51

When subjects drop out of experimental conditions at different rates.

Answer 51

subject mortality threat

Question 52

When individual differences are not balanced across conditions.

Answer 52

selection threat

Question 53

When subjects are assigned based on extreme scores and retested.

Answer 53

statistical regression threat

Question 54

Changes in the measurement instrument affecting internal validity.

Answer 54

instrumental threat

Question 55

Physical or psychological changes in the subject affecting the DV.

Answer 55

maturation threat

Question 56

Changes in the DV due to an event outside the experiment.

Answer 56

history threat

Question 57

The degree to which changes in the DV are due to the IV

Answer 57

internal validity

Question 58

What occurs when an extraneous variable changes systematically across conditions

Answer 58

Confounding

Question 59

The accuracy with which an operational definition represents a construct.

Answer 59

construct validity

Question 60

The accuracy of a measurement procedure in predicting future performance.  

Answer 60

predictive validity

Question 61

The extent to which a measurement procedure samples the content of the variable being measured.

Answer 61

content validity

Question 62

The extent to which a test appears to measure what it claims to measure.

Answer 62

face validity

Question 63

The extent to which an operational definition accurately measures or manipulates the variables.

Answer 63

validity refer to in an experiment

Question 64

The consistency of different parts of a test measuring the same variable.

Answer 64

inter-item reliability

Question 65

The consistency of an individual's scores across multiple administrations of the same test.

Answer 65

test-retest reliability measure

Question 66

The degree to which different observers agree in their measurement.

Answer 66

interrater reliability

Question 67

The consistency of operational definitions and measurements.

Answer 67

reliability refer to in an experiment

Question 68

MThe former specifies the procedure for creating values of the IV, the latter specifies the procedure for measuring the DV.

Answer 68

Difference between an experimental operational definition and a measured operational definition

Question 69

A detailed definition specifying observable operations, procedures, and measurements.

Answer 69

Operational definition

Question 70

The variable that measures the outcome of the experiment.

Answer 70

dependent variable (DV)

Question 71

What does it mean if an experiment is confounded?what does prediction involve in psychological research?

Answer 71

The value of an extraneous variable changes systematically with the IV.

Question 72

How many levels are required for an experiment?

Answer 72

Two

Question 73

The variable intentionally manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 73

independent variable (IV)

Question 74

An explanation of a relationship between two or more variables.

Answer 74

hypothesis

Question 75

It predicts the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable

Answer 75

experimental hypothesis

Question 76

CBT produces less relapse than antidepressants.  

Answer 76

experimental hypothesis

Question 77

It predicts how variables might be correlated but not causally related.

Answer 77

nonexperimental hypothesis

Question 78

Which of the following is an example of a nonexperimental hypothesis?do psychologists control extraneous variables in experiments?

Answer 78

Red-haired patients receive less relief from medication than blonde patients.

Question 79

Which of the following is an example of a nonexperimental hypothesis?do psychologists control extraneous variables in experiments?

Answer 79

Red-haired patients receive less relief from medication than blonde patients.

Question 80

What property must a hypothesis have to be scientifically useful? 

Answer 80

It must be capable of being true or false.

Question 81

It can be assessed by manipulating an IV and measuring the DV.

Answer 81

hypothesis to be testable

Question 82

It focuses attention on the main factors influencing the DV.

Answer 82

parsimony important in hypothesis formulation

Question 83

Reasoning from specific cases to general principles.

Answer 83

inductive model of reasoning

Question 84

To identify questions that have not been conclusively answered.

Answer 84

purpose of reviewing prior research

Question 85

How can prior research help in formulating a hypothesis?   

Answer 85

It identifies additional variables that could mediate an effect.

Question 86

An unexpected result that a well-informed scientist can understand.

Answer 86

serendipity in scientific research

Question 87

How does intuition play a role in hypothesis formulation?

Answer 87

It guides what we choose to study.

Question 88

What is a promising strategy when formulating a hypothesis

Answer 88

Observing how people behave in public places.

Question 89

It measures the strength of a causal relationship across studies.

Answer 89

 meta-analysis

Question 90

The extent to which findings can be generalized.

Answer 90

external validity

Question 91

To identify unanswered questions and show how the experiment advances knowledge.

Answer 91

Introduction section in a research report

Question 92

Which section of a research report provides a selective review of research findings?

Answer 92

Introduction

Question 93

an essential characteristic of a good hypothesis?  

Answer 93

It must be testable.