ACID BASE 01

Question 1

too many protons is acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 1

acidosis

Question 2

too little protons is acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 2

alkalosis (high pH)

Question 3

Plasma levels of protons are dependent on what 4 things

Answer 3

Metabolism of ingested food
secretions from GI
De novo acid/base generation from metabolism of stored fat and glycogen
changes in CO2 production

Question 4

What is the approximate concentration of hydrogen in blood

Answer 4

40nM

Question 5

How do we prevent respiratory acidosis?

Answer 5

Breathing

Question 6

What two organs are critical in the acid/base balance

Answer 6

Lungs, kidneys

Question 7

What is the lungs’ job in acid/base balance

Answer 7

excrete CO2

Question 8

in the realm of acids and bases what is CO2

Answer 8

a volatile (it is airborne) acid

Question 9

What do the kidneys do with regard to acid/base balance

Answer 9

excrete acids (fixed, due to being in solution) in a process called Renal Net Acid Excretion RNAE)

Question 10

Intracellular pH

Answer 10

7.2

Question 11

extracellular pH (arterial blood pH)

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

The relationship between pH and H is non-linear. Why?

Answer 12

It’s logrithmic relationship

Question 13

If pH is above 7.45 we call this __

Answer 13

alkalemia

Question 14

if pH is below 7.35 we all this ____

Answer 14

acidemia

Question 15

How do we carry CO2 in bodies

Answer 15

As bicarb

Question 16

how do we get bicarb from CO2

Answer 16

carbonic anhydrase (found in RBCs)

Question 17

How do we get rid of CO2

Answer 17

Breathing .

Question 18

how do we get the fixed acids our body needs to yeet

Answer 18

catabolism of proteins and phospholipids generates sulfuric acids and phosphoric acids.

Question 19

Before acids can be excreted by kidneys what must happen

Answer 19

they need to be buffered

Question 20

What does a buffered solution do with regard to pH

Answer 20

resiss the fuck out of it

Question 21

What kind of acid-base relationshipps are we looking at in this

Answer 21

Bronsted lowry

Question 22

For weak acids, the acid form is called ____ and refered to as the proton ____

Answer 22

HA, donor

Question 23

For weak bases, the H donor form is called ____ and it’s proton acceptor is called____

Answer 23

HB+ , B

Question 24

The base form of a weak acid is ____ and is the proton ___

Answer 24

A-, acceptor

Question 25

Henderson hasslebach equation

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the pKa of a buffer

Answer 26

The equilibrium point where [acid]=[base]

Also, around this point will be the best buffering zone , so therefore a buffer is most effective when pK = environmental pH

Question 27

Dissociation and equilibrium constants of weak acids

Answer 27

Less dissociated; high pKs

Question 28

two main buffer systems in ECF

Answer 28

Bicarb and phosphate

Question 29

pKa of bicarb and phosphate

Answer 29

6.1 and 6.8 respectively

Question 30

Which is the most important intracellular buffer

Answer 30

Bicarb/CO2 buffer

Question 31

What do the yellow and blue lines on this chart represent

Answer 31

Buffering zones

So the yellow is the best buffering area where we resist pH changes despite different concentrations of CO2 and bicarb. The blue lines is when there is a mismatch and we are in a state of alkalosis or acidosis. If you notice the blue lines for alkalosis are a bit spread out and this is a consquence of pH being in a logrithmic scale

The circle in the yllow line is ideally where we want to be

Question 32

What are some intracellular buffers

Answer 32

organic phosphates and proteins

Question 33

most significant intracellular buffer

Answer 33

Hemoglobin - it is very high in RBCs