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Anachem > Acid-Base > Flashcards

Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

This is the earliest acid-base definition, which classifies these substances in terms of their behavior in water

A

ARRHENIUS ACID-BASE DEFINITION

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2
Q

is a substance with H in its formula that dissociates to yield H₃O⁺

A

acid - according to arrhenius

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3
Q

is a substance with OH in its formula that dissociates to yield OH⁻

A

base - according to arrhenius

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4
Q

is a substance that dissociates in aqueous medium to form or yield hydronium ions, H3O+ .

A

Arrhenius acid

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5
Q

HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H𝟑O(aq) + Cl-

HCl is an?

A

Arrhenius acid

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6
Q

is a substance that ionizes in aqueous medium to produce hydroxide ions.

A

Arrhenius base

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7
Q

_____ acid dissociates completely into ions in water:

A

strong acid

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8
Q

A dilute solution of a strong acid contains no ____ molecules.

A

HA

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9
Q

A strong acid yields

A

→ H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

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10
Q

A _____ acid dissociates slightly to form ions in water:

A

weak acid

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11
Q

Weak acid yields

A

⇌ H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

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12
Q

In a dilute solution of a weak acid, most HA molecules are _________.

A

undissociated

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13
Q

Strong acid: HA(g or l) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

There are no ____ molecules in solution.

A

HA

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14
Q

Weak acid: HA(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Most HA molecules are ________.

A

undissociated (always remember na sa weak acid, reversible ang reaction kay hindi completely dissociated and HA)

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15
Q

The value of ____ is an indication of acid strength.

A

Ka

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16
Q

A large value of K means that the reaction favors the formation of

A

product (s)

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17
Q

A small value of K means that the reaction favors the

A

reactants

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18
Q

If Ka > 1, then the acid is

A

strong

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19
Q

If Ka<1,then the acid is

A

Weak

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20
Q

If Kb > 1, then the base is

A

strong

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21
Q

If Kb<1,then the base is

A

weak

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22
Q

(HCl, HBr, and HI) are strong or weak? Why?

A

STRONG. Because they are hydrohalic acids

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23
Q

oxoacids in which the number of O atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more (strong or weak?)

A

Strong

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24
Q

HNO3

A

3-1=2 ; STRONG

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25
Q

H2SO4

A

4-2=2 ; STRONG

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26
Q

HClO4

A

4-1=3 ; STRONG

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27
Q

It is the only hydrohalic acid that is weak

A

HF

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28
Q

acids in which H is not bonded to O or to a halogen

A

Weak acids

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29
Q

HCN

A

Weak acid (not bonded to O or halogen)

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30
Q

oxoacids in which the number of O atoms equals or exceeds the number of ionizable protons by one

A

Weak

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31
Q

HClO

A

1=1 ; Weak

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32
Q

HNO2

A

2-1=1 ; weak

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33
Q

carboxylic acids, which have the general formula RCOOH

A

Weak acids

34
Q

CH3COOH

A

Weak because of COOH

35
Q

C6H5COOH

A

Weak because of COOH

36
Q

water-soluble compounds containing O2- or OH- ions. (Strong or weak)

A

Strong base

37
Q

M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A(1) metal (Strong or Weak Base)

A

Strong

38
Q

Group 1A(1) metals

A

(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

39
Q

MO or M(OH)2 where M = group 2A(2) metal ( Strong or weak base)

A

STRONG BASE

40
Q

group 2A(2) metal

A

(Ca, Sr, Ba)

41
Q

ammonia (NH3) - strong or weak base?

A

Weak

42
Q

amines - strong or weak base?

A

Weak base

43
Q

A _______ completely transfers its protons to water, leaving essentially no undissociated molecules in solution. Its conjugate base has a negligible tendency to accept protons in aqueous solution.

A

strong acid

44
Q

(The conjugate base of a ______ acid shows negligible basicity.)

A

strong acid

45
Q

A ________only partially dissociates in aqueous solution and therefore exists in the solution as a mixture of the undissociated acid and its conjugate base.

A

weak acid

46
Q

The conjugate base of a _______ shows a slight ability to remove protons from water.

A

weak acid

47
Q

The conjugate base of a weak acid is a ____ base.

A

weak base

48
Q

A substance with ________ contains hydrogen but does not demonstrate any acidic behavior in water

A

negligible acidity

49
Q

The conjugate base of a substance with negligible acidity is a ______

A

strong base

50
Q

means a substance can act as either an acid or a base

A

Amphiprotic

51
Q

It is amphiprotic based on the concept of

A

Bronsted-Lowry theory

52
Q

Also called “self-ionization of water”

A

Autoionization of Water

53
Q

an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−.

A

Autoionization of Water

54
Q

means the ability of a substance to react either as an acid or as a base.

A

Amphoteric

55
Q

amphoteric based on the concept of

A

Lewis theory

56
Q

Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = _______ (at 25°C)

A

1.0x10^-14

57
Q

T or F | A change in [H3O+] causes an inverse change in [OH-], and vice versa.

A

Truee

58
Q

[H3O] > [OH-]

A

acidic solution

59
Q

[H3O] = [OH]

A

neutral solution

60
Q

[H3O] < [OH]

A

basic solution

61
Q

The ___ of a solution indicates its relative acidity:

A

pH

62
Q

pH < 7.00

A

acidic solution

63
Q

pH = 7.00

A

neutral solution

64
Q

pH > 7.00

A

basic solution

65
Q

The higher the pH, the lower the [H3O] and the less ___ the solution.

A

acidic

66
Q

scales express the acidity and basicity of dilute aqueous solutions.

A

pH and pOH

67
Q

is known as the power of hydrogen or the measure of hydrogen ion [H+] or hydronium ion [H3O+] concentration.

A

pH

68
Q

is the measure of hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration.

A

pOH

69
Q

• These expressions are analogous to the expression for pH. We derived it to express the concentrations in a more convenient way using whole numbers.

A

pKa and pKb

70
Q

• pKa =

A

-log Ka

71
Q

• pKb =

A

-log Kb

72
Q

• The smaller the value of pKa, the ______ the acid

A

stronger

73
Q

The smaller the value of pKb, the ______ the base.

A

stronger

74
Q

An acid is a proton donor, any species that donates an H+ ion.
• An acid must contain H in its formula.

A

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

75
Q

A base is a proton acceptor, any species that accepts
an H+ ion.
• A base must contain a lone pair of electrons to bond to H+.

A

Brønsted-Lowry Base

76
Q

An acid-base reaction is a ______-transfer process (Bronsted Lowry)

A

proton

77
Q

• is a substance that is a proton donor.

A

Brønsted-Lowry acid

78
Q

is a substance that is a proton acceptor.

A

Brønsted-Lowry base

79
Q

A ______ is any species that donates an electron pair to form a bond.

A

Lewis base

80
Q

A _____ is any species that accepts an electron pair to form a bon

A

Lewis acid

Anachem (4 decks)

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