Acid/Base

Question 1

Bronsted-Lowry Definition of a Base

Answer 1

Any substance that can accept a proton (H+)

Question 2

Bronsted-Lowry Definition of Acid

Answer 2

Any substance that can donate/give up a proton (H+)

Question 3

Conjugate Base

Answer 3

What remains of an acid after the acid donates a proton.

Question 4

What is the acid ionization constant and it’s equation?

Answer 4

Ka
Ka = ([H3O+]eq[A-]eq)/[HA]eq

HA is Hydrogen(Acid)
A- is Acid with a negative charge (because it lacks the H+)

Question 5

If Ka is large then

Answer 5

Products are favored at equilibrium, so acid is very likely to donate an H+
*Strong Acids generally make Ka large

Question 6

Strong Acid

Answer 6

Very likely to donate an H+. Completely ionize in solutions

Question 7

If Ka is small then…

Answer 7

Reactants are favored at equilibrium, so acid is highly unlikely to donate an H+
*Weak Acids typically cause a low Ka

Question 8

Weak Acid

Answer 8

Acid that is highly unlikely to donate an H+

Question 9

List the 5 strong acids

Answer 9

H2SO4 — Sulfuric Acid
HCl — Chloric Acid
HBR — Bromic Acid
HI — Hydroiodic Acid
HNO3 — Nitric Acid

**ALL OTHER ACIDS ARE WEAK and may be written as HA in an equation

Question 10

Conjugate Acid

Answer 10

Substance formed after the base accepts a proton (H+).

Question 11

What is the base ionization constant?

Answer 11

Kb

Question 12

If Kb is large then?

Answer 12

Products are favored at equilibrium so base is very likely to accept H+
*Typically caused by strong bases

STRONG BASES AND STRONG ACIDS TYPICALLY REACT TOGETHER

Question 13

Strong Base

Answer 13

Bases that are very likely to accept H+

Question 14

List the 8 strong bases

Answer 14

NaOH
LiOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2

Question 15

What is the easier way to remember the strong bases?

Answer 15

Any Group 1A or Group 2A + a hydroxide is a strong base

Question 16

If Kb is smaller then?

Answer 16

Reactants are favored at equilibrium so the base is highly unlikely to accept an H+
Typically caused by a weak base

Question 17

Weak Bases

Answer 17

Highly unlikely to donate an H+

Question 18

Examples of weak bases

Answer 18

MOH (Metal + Hydroxide) Can be any metal
Amines – NR3 (Nitrogen + 3 Hydrogens or Carbons)

Question 19

What does it mean if Ka or Kb is given?

Answer 19

The acid will be weak.
When using a strong acid/base, the Ka/Kb will be extremely high.

Question 20

Amphoteric

Answer 20

Substance that can be an acid or a base (for ex. HO)

Question 21

Autoionization of Water Equation

Answer 21

H2O + H2O <–> H3O+ + OH-
**Reactants are liquid
[H3O+] = Conj. Acid
[OH-] = Conj. Base

Question 22

What is the ionization constant of water and its equation?

Answer 22

Kw
Kw = [H3O+]eq[OH-]eq

Question 23

When [H3O+] = [OH-] then it is a….

Answer 23

Neutral solution

Question 24

When [H3O+] > [OH-] then it is a….

Answer 24

Acidic Solution

Question 25

When [H3O+] < [OH-] then it is a….

Answer 25

Basic Solution