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Flashcards in Acid-Base Deck (27)
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1
Q

what are you assessing when you look at pH and PCO2?

A

ventilation

2
Q

What are you assessing when you look at PaO2 and SaO2?

A

oxygenation

3
Q

acidosis

A

low serum bicarbonate

4
Q

acidemia

A

serum pH <7.35

5
Q

alkalosis

A

high serum bicarbonate

6
Q

alkalemia

A

serum pH > 7.45

7
Q

What is the purpose of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

tool used to show the relationship between oxygen saturation and the PaO2

8
Q

What happens to shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

A

decreased H+, decreased CO2, decreased temp

9
Q

What happens to shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

A

increased H+, increased CO2, increased temp

10
Q

Hendersen-Hesselbach Equation

A

H2CO3 = H + HCO3 = H2O + CO2

11
Q

What do the kidneys remove in response to pH changes?

A

metabolic acids, bicarbonate, lactic acid, ketones, phosphoric acid

12
Q

Pneumonics for underlying causes of anion gap and non AG metabolic acidosis

A

AG- MUDPILES. Non AG- USED CAR

13
Q

anion gap calculation

A

( Na + K) - ( Cl + HCO3). Normal AG is 3-11

14
Q

what is ureteral-sigmoid diversion?

A

accumulate urine in intestine, reabsorb Cl / H20 in intestine, secrete bicarb in intestine

15
Q

winter’s formula

A

used to calculate respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis. PCO2=1.5x ( HCO3 +8 )

16
Q

summer’s formula

A

used to calculate respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis. PCO2=0.7 ( HCO3+21)

17
Q

how do you calculate delta anion gap?

A

Anion Gap – ( normal Gap (12))

18
Q

how do you calculate delta bicarb?

A

Measured bicarbonate – normal bicarb

19
Q

how do you determine if there’s a triple ripple?

A

If delta AG > delta BC then there is also metabolic alkalosis. If delta AG < delta BC then non- AG acidosis is also present.

20
Q

what is posthypercapnic alkalosis?

A

rapid lowering of chronically elevated PCO2 (usually by mechanical ventilation) resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Raises the cerebral intracellur pH

21
Q

What is an important test you should perform before messing with radial artery?

A

Allen’s Test

22
Q

Symptoms of alkalosis

A

paresthesias, tetany, seizures

23
Q

What is contraction alkalosis?

A

Loss of large volumes of fluid. Contraction of extracellular volume around relatively constant quantity of bicarbonate

24
Q

Which of the following are causes of contraction alkalosis: IV loop diuretics, thiazides, vomiting, sweat losses in CF pts?

A

all are causes of contraction alkalosis

25
Q

what can cause renal H+ loss?

A

excess aldosterone

26
Q

At what urine chloride levels will respond to saline treatment?

A

levels that are < 10mEq/L

27
Q

How many units of blood are needed before you’re likely to see metabolic alkalosis due to the citrate that’s infused with the blood?

A

8 or more units of blood