Acid/Base

Question 1

ph of blood

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

ph lower than 7.35

Answer 2

acidotic

Question 3

ph greater than 7.45

Answer 3

alkatlotic

Question 4

buffers (chemical and proteins)

Answer 4

immediate response to change of ph, 1st line of defense, bind and release to H+ ions

Question 5

respiratory (lungs)

Answer 5

response in minutes, controls H+ concentration by controlling CO2

Question 6

hyperventilation

Answer 6

blow off, increase respirations, lower CO2

Question 7

hypoventilation

Answer 7

retain, lower respirations, increase CO2

Question 8

renal (metabolic)

Answer 8

response in 2-3 days, most effective, controls bicarbonate

Question 9

pH normal range

Answer 9

7.35-7.45

Question 10

PaCO2 normal range

Answer 10

35-45

Question 11

HCO3 normal range

Answer 11

22-26

Question 12

PaO2 normal range

Answer 12

80-100

Question 13

increase pH caused by…

Answer 13

low CO2 or high bicarbonate

Question 14

decrease pH caused by…

Answer 14

increase CO2 or low bicarbonate

Question 15

ROME

Answer 15

respiratory opposite, metabolic equal

Question 16

respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

ph lower than 7.35 and co2 greater than 45

Question 17

what causes respiratory acidosis

Answer 17

respiratory depression, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary blockage

Question 18

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 18

ph greater than 7.45 and co2 lower than 35

Question 19

what causes respiratory alkalosis

Answer 19

acute pulmonary disorders, anxiety, exercise, brain injury

Question 20

metabolic acidosis

Answer 20

ph less than 7.35, co2 normal, bicarbonate less than 22

Question 21

what causes metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

starvation, severe diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, cardiac arrest

Question 22

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

ph greater than 7.45, co2 normal, bicarbonate greater than 26

Question 23

what causes metabolic alkalosis

Answer 23

excess gastric suctioning, hypokalemia

Question 24

treatment for respiratory acidosis

Answer 24

bronchodilator, supplemental oxygen, meds for hyperkalemia, remove secretion from lungs

Question 25

treatment for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 25

discontinue and removal of causative agent, eliminate sepsis, oxygen therapy, slow, deep breathing

Question 26

treatment for metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

bicarbonate IV, insulin, antidiarrheal

Question 27

treatment for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 27

discontinue gastric suctioning, thiazide diuretics