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NSG 123 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

TNM

A

Tumor size, number of lymph nodes involved, presence of metastases

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2
Q

Stage I

A

Small tumor, without spread outside of organ

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3
Q

Stage II

A

Invasion of deeper tissue or involvement of local lymph nodes

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4
Q

Stage III

A

Large or locally invasive tumors

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5
Q

Stage IV

A

Metastasized and spread

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6
Q

CAUTION

A 
Change in bowel habits
A sore that doesnt heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or other part 
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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7
Q

Constitutional symptoms

A

B cell lymphoma, fatigue, weight loss, fever

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8
Q

Primary prevention

A

Modifying risk factors

  • quit smoking
  • immunization
  • chemoprevention
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9
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Cancer screening

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10
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Reducing morbidity and mortality

Treatment and management of symptoms

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11
Q

Cure

A

5 years disease free survival

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12
Q

Remission

A

Disease free state and unclear if eradicated or disease free state will remain stable

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13
Q

Oncogene

A

Gene that causes cancer

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14
Q

3 modalities of cancer treatment

A

Surgical
Radiation
Medical

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15
Q

Neoadjuvant therapy

A

Therapy that shrinks tumor prior to removal or destruction, used with large solid tumors that cant be removed but can be after shrinking from treatment

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16
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

After primary therapy that helps keep someone cancer free, chemo, radiation

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17
Q

PSA test

A

Prostate specific antigen

Measures amount in venous blood sample

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18
Q

Imaging

A

Identify tissue masses
CT scan: looks for involvement of vessels or body organs
PET scan: metabolically active tumors
MRI: brain joint and breast

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19
Q

Incisional biopsy

A

Into mass, danger of spreading malignant cells

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20
Q

Excisional biopsy

A

Cut the total mass out and a margin around it

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21
Q

Debulking

A

Partially removing part of the tumor that cant be fully excised

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22
Q

Neutropenia

A

Less than normal neutrophil count

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23
Q

External beam radiation

A

Treat local tumors

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24
Q

Anemia

A

Less than normal red blood cell count

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25
HPV
Cervical cancer causing viral carcinogen
26
Carcinogens change?
DNA
27
Chemo cant cross?
Blood Brain Barrier
28
Myelosuppression
Most common side effect of chemotherapy, reduced bone marrow effect, lowers red and white blood cell and platelets
29
Antienemic
Medication given before chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting
30
Hemorrhage
Excessive bleeding caused by low platelet count
31
Hydration
Prevents hemorrhagic cystitis
32
Benign
Tumor does not invade other tissues
33
CAUTION
``` 7 signs of cancer Change In bowels A sore that doesnt go away Unusual bleeding Thickening or lump in breast Indigestion or trouble swallowing Obvious changes in wart or mole Nagging cough ```
34
Cell cycle nonspecific
Chemo that destroys cells in any phase
35
Extravasation
tissue destruction related to IV chemotherapy
36
hypercalcemia
occurs when calcium is leached from the bones
37
allergy
hypersensitivity reaction
38
bleomycin
antitumor medication that can cause pulmonary failure
39
protein
dietary element used to improve nutritional status of patients with weight loss
40
biopsy
removal of small tissue sample for testing
41
brachytherapy
internal radiation, patient considered radioactive
42
chemo brain
memory loss related to chemotherapy
43
tumor lysis syndrome
reaction to massive cell death leading to the release and overabundance of toxins
44
cardio toxicity
most dose limiting factor when treating with doxorubicin
45
debulking
surgical procedure to remove large localized tumors
46
cystitis
inflammation of bladder
47
thrombocytopenia
less than normal platelet count
48
superior vena cava
oncological emergency (syndrome) affecting cardiovascular system
49
phycological state of cancer
anxiety
50
malignant
tumor invades other tissue
51
trade name for chemo that turns urine red
Adriamycin
52
alopecia
side effect of chemo effecting hair follicle
53
skin markings to guide external beam radiation should not be...
removed
54
patients will experience this if cancer metastasized to bone...
bone pain
55
carcinomas
arise from cells that cover external and internal body surfaces: lung breast and colon
56
sarcomas
cancer arising from cells found in supporting tissues of body: bone, cartilage, fat
57
lymphomas
cancer that arises in lymph nodes and tissue of immune system
58
leukemias
cancer of immature blood cells that grow in bone marrow and accumulate in blood stream
59
metastatic...
share name with primary tumor
60
lag time
delay from exposure to when cancer develops
61
Epstein-barr virus
Burkitt's lymphoma
62
HPV
cervical cancer
63
Hep B
liver cancer
64
Kaposi's sarcoma
tumor of blood vessels located on skin, caused by immune depression from HIV and KSHV virus
65
DRE
digital rectal exam for prostate cancer
66
hyperplasia
tissue growth based on excessive rate of cell division, leading to larger than usual number of cells
67
dysplasia
excessive cell proliferation, loss of normal tissue arrangement and cell structure. Can sometimes lead to malignancy
68
carcinoma in situ
severe case of dysplasia and remains in original location
69
determine disease progression
how large tumor and how deep, spread to lymph nodes, metastasized to other regions
70
CEA test
breast, pancreatic, lung, colon, thyroid
71
CA 125
ovarian cancer
72
CA 19.9
pancreatic cancer
73
AFP
liver cancer
74
prophylactic surgery
removal of non vital organs prior
75
palliative surgery
intervention to relieve symptoms, not intended for cure
76
reconstructive surgery
improve function or obtain desirable cosmetic effect
77
peripheral neuropathy
burning, tingling, or numbing
78
xerostomia
dry mouth from lack of saliva, Salegen stimulates saliva production
79
mucositis
mucous membrane of mouth becomes red and swollen and painful
80
cell cycle specific chemo
effect cells at specific phases of cell cycle, drugs given in frequent, divided doses correlate with cell cycle
81
antimetabolites
cell cycle specific, interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis, mimicking essential cellular metabolites
82
plant alkaloid/mitotic inhibitors
cell cycle specific, interrupts cellular replication during various phases to prevent cell division
83
Delete
Delete
84
Delete
Delete
85
cell cycle nonspecific
effects cells in all phases of cell cycle, including resting phase, tumors with slowly dividing cells
86
types of cell cycle nonspecific treatments
alkylating agents, antitumor antibiotics, hormonal therapies
87
alkylating agent
prevent cell from reproducing, damage DNA, nitrosoureas: only agent that can cross BBB
88
antitumor antibiotic
ability to kill bacteria and viruses, blocks DNA/RNA and protein synthesis
89
hormonal therapies
some tumors grow more rapidly in presence of hormones, hormones are blocked
90
radiopharmaceuticals
radioactive elements administered by IV, kill cells by absorbing radioactive elements
91
corticosteroid
used in combination therapies, cell cycle nonspecific, disrupts cell membrane, inhibits synthesis of protein, and mitosis
92
nadir
lowest level of peripheral blood cell count, particularly absolute neutrophil count, occurs secondary to bone marrow suppression
93
monitor lab results of:
ANC, Hct/Hgb, creatinine, uric acid

NSG 123 (3 decks)

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