acid/base balance

Question 1

pH measurement

Answer 1

measured through concentration of H+

Question 2

Acid pH measurement tool

Answer 2

H+, CO2

Question 3

Base pH measurement tool

Answer 3

HCO3-

Question 4

respiratory buffer

Answer 4

CO2

Question 5

metabolic buffer

Answer 5

H+ and HCO3-

Question 6

mechanism if someone is acidotic will be _________ to bring pH back to normal

Answer 6

blow off CO2 through hyperventilation

Question 7

mechanism if someone is alkalotic will be ________ to bring pH back to normal

Answer 7

slowed breathing rate to retain CO2

Question 8

lactate, pyruvic, citric

Answer 8

metabolic acids

Question 9

low CO2

Answer 9

alkalotic

Question 10

high CO2

Answer 10

acidotic

Question 11

respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

high CO2, low pH

Question 12

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

low CO2, high pH

Question 13

metabolic acidosis

Answer 13

low HCO3, low pH

Question 14

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

high HCO3, high pH

Question 15

compensation for respiratory acidosis

Answer 15

get rid of CO2 by increased respirations

Question 16

compensation for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 16

retain CO2 through decreased respirations

Question 17

compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

kidneys will retain HCO3

Question 18

compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 18

kidneys will excrete HCO3

Question 19

uncompensated

Answer 19

body has not had time to react and has made no attempt to correct the imbalance

Question 20

partially compensated

Answer 20

body is attempting to correct the imbalance and blood pH will remain abnormal

Question 21

fully compensated

Answer 21

body is correcting the imbalance and blood pH will return to normal
- other values will not until cause is treated

Question 22

chemical cause and correction for respiratory acidosis

Answer 22

hypoventilation
- correct with hyperventilation

Question 23

renal compensation for respiratory acidosis

Answer 23

increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3

Question 24

chemical cause and correction for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 24

hyperventilation
- correction is hypoventilation

Question 25

renal compensation for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 25

decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3

Question 26

chemical cause and correction for metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

too little HCO3 - correction is increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3

Question 27

respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

hyperventilation

Question 28

chemical cause and correction for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 28

too much HCO3 - correction is decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3

Question 29

respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 29

hypoventilation

Question 30

acidosis and potassium

Answer 30

risk for hyperkalemia

Question 31

alkalosis and potassium

Answer 31

risk for hypokalemia

Question 32

excessive production or intake of acid puts a person at risk for_______

Answer 32

metabolic acidosis

Question 33

altered acid buffering puts a person at risk for ________

Answer 33

metabolic acidosis or alkalosis

Question 34

altered acid excretion puts a person at risk for ________

Answer 34

respiratory acidosis or alkalosis

Question 35

abnormal shift of hydrogen ions into the cell puts a person at risk for ______

Answer 35

metabolic alkalosis

Question 36

body system cause of metabolic acidosis

Answer 36

diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid storm, ASA overdose, diarrhea

Question 37

body system cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 37

antacids, massive blood transfusion, diuretics, vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, too much cortisol

Question 38

S&S of metabolic acidosis

Answer 38

kussmaul respirations, confusion, drowsy, decreased BP, muscle twitching

Question 39

S&S of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 39

irritable, anxious, seizures, tachycardic

Question 40

body system cause of respiratory acidosis

Answer 40

asthma, COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, guillain barre syndrome, CNS depression, acute airway obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea

Question 41

body system cause of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 41

anxiety, pain, MI, PE, progesterone use, epinephrine use, high altitude

Question 42

S&S of respiratory acidosis

Answer 42

drowsy, weak, hypoxic, decreased BP, rapid and shallow respirations, pallor

Question 43

S&S of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 43

hyper reflex/muscle cramping, seizures, increased anxiety and irritability, tachycardic, normal or decreased BP

Question 44

if pH and CO2 are going in opposite directions

Answer 44

its respiratory

Question 45

if pH and HCO3 are going in the same direction its metabolic

Answer 45

its metabolic

Question 46

if CO2 is high it is considered to be ____

Answer 46

acidic