Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

If pH is high, ______ is expected to be high and _____ is expected to be low.

A

HCO3-High

PaCO2-Low

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2
Q

PaO2 reflects the inability to…

A

pick up oxygen from the lungs

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3
Q

Any compromise in breathing can result in…

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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4
Q

Hypoventilation results in…

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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5
Q

Clients at risk for Respiratory Acidosis?

A
  • Post-Op Abdominal surgery
  • Mechanical ventilation
  • Analgesics or sedation
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6
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Acidosis?

A
  • Apprehension, Restlessness
  • Confusion, tremors
  • Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes
  • Diaphoresis
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Nausea, vomiting, warm flushed skin
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7
Q

Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis

A
  • pH <7.35
  • PaCO2 >45
  • HCO3 normal
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8
Q

Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

A
  • pH normal
  • PaCO2 >45
  • HCO3 >26
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9
Q

Interventions for respiratory acidosis

A
  • Correct underlying causes
  • Bronchodilators
  • supplemental oxygen
  • treat hyperkalemia
  • antibiotics for infections
  • chest PT to remove secretions
  • remove foreign body obstruction
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10
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis is most commonly caused from…

A

Hyperventialtion due to pain, Aspirin (salicylate), poisoning, nicotine, hypermetabolic states, or acute hypoxia

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11
Q

What do you see in Respiratory Alkalosis?

A
  • Anxiety, restlessness
  • Diaphoresis
  • Dyspnea ( ^ rate and depth)
  • EKG Changes
  • Hyperreflexia, paresthesias
  • Tachycardia
  • Tetany
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12
Q

Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  • pH >7.45
  • PaCO2 < 35
  • HCO3 normal
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13
Q

Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  • pH normal
  • PaCO2 <35
  • HCO3 <22
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14
Q

Intervention for Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  • Correct underlying Disorder
  • Oxygen therapy for hypoxemia
  • Sedatives or antianxiety agents
  • Paper bag brething for hyperventilation
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15
Q

Metabolic acidosis is associated with…

A

Ketone bodies
-diabetes, alcoholism, starvation, hyperthyroidism lactic acidosis r/t shock, heart failure, pulmonary disease, hepatic disease, seizures, strenuous exercise.

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16
Q

Manifestations of Metabolic acidosis

A
  • Confusion, dull headache
  • Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes
  • S/S of Hyperkalemia
  • Hypotension, Kussmaul’s
  • Lethargy, warm dry skin
17
Q

Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis

A
  • pH < 7.35
  • PaCO2 normal
  • HCO3 <22
18
Q

Compensated Metabolic Acidosis

A
  • pH normal
  • PaCO2 <35
  • HCO3 <22
19
Q

Interventions for Metabolic Acidosis

A
  • Regular insulin to reverse DKA
  • IV HCO3 to correct acidosis
  • Fluid replacement
  • Dialysis for Drug Toxicity
  • Antidiarrheals
20
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis is commonly associated with…

A

hypokalemia from diuretic use, hypochloremia and hypocalcemia.

21
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis is caused by…

A

excessive vomiting, NG suction, Cushing’s disease, kidney disease and drugs containing baking soda

22
Q

Clinical manifestations of Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • Anorexia
  • Apathy
  • Confusion
  • Cyanosis
  • Hypotension
  • Loss of Reflexes
  • Muscle Twitching
  • Nausea
  • Paresthesia
  • Polyuria
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness
23
Q

Uncompensated Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • pH >7,45
  • PaCO2 normal
  • HCO3 >26
24
Q

Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • pH normal
  • PaCO2 >45
  • HCO3 >26
25
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition

A
  • Highly concentrated, hypertonic

- contains electrolytes, vitamins, acetate, micronutrients and amino acids.