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Health Restoration > Fluid Balance > Flashcards

Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

40% of body weight is…

A

Intracellular

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2
Q

20% of body weight is…

A

Extracellular

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3
Q

Two types of Extracellular fluid compartments

A

Interstitial, Intravascular

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4
Q

Interstitial means…

A

Between

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5
Q

Intravascular means…

A

Inside

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6
Q

Full-Term Baby is ______ fluid.

A

80%

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7
Q

Lean adult male is _____ fluid

A

60%

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8
Q

Aged client is ______ fluid.

A

40%

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9
Q

3 Parts of Passive Transport Systems

A
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Osmosis
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10
Q

Active Transport System…

A
  • Pumping

- Requires energy expenditure

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11
Q

3 Types of Membranes

A

Permeable, Semipermeable, Impermeable

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12
Q

Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

Molecules move from low concentration to high concentration

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Movement of solutes or solvent across membrane caused by hydrostatic pressure

A

Filtration

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15
Q

Filtration occurs at the _____ level.

A

Capillary

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16
Q

Filtration results in __________.

A

Third Spacing

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17
Q

Solutes can be moved against concentration gradient, also called “pumping”.

A

Active Transport System

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18
Q

Active Transport System requires the presence of _______.

A

ATP

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19
Q

3 Types of Fluids

A

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

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20
Q

No shift because solutions are equally concentrated

A

Isotonic

21
Q

Lower solute concentration; cells swell.

A

Hypotonic

22
Q

Higher solute concentration; cells shrink.

A

Hypertonic

23
Q

Respond to fall in Arterial Blood Pressure; located in atrial walls, vena cava, aoritc arch and carotid sinus; results in retention of fluid due to kidney constriction.

A

Baroreceptor Reflex

24
Q

Respond to fluid excess in atria and great vessels; creates strong renal response that increases urine output

A

Volume Receptors

25
Q

When we have FVE, ADH is…

A

decreased.

26
Q

When we have FVD, ADH is…

A

increased

27
Q

4 Fluid Imbalances

A

Dehydration, Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia, Water Intoxication

28
Q

Dehydration results from…

A

loss of body fluids

29
Q

Loss of body fluids leads to…

A

increased concentration of solutes in blood, rise in serum Na+ levels.

30
Q

During Dehydration, fluid shifts out of the ______ and into the ______ to try to restore balance.

A

out of cells, into blood.

31
Q

During dehydration, cells _______ and cannot function properly.

A

shrink

32
Q

Clients at risk of dehydration

A
  • Confused
  • Comatose
  • Bedridden
  • Infants
  • Elderly
  • Enterally fed
33
Q

What do you see in clients with dehydration?

A
  • Irritability
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Extreme thirst
  • Decreased urine output
  • Fever
  • Dry skin/mucous membranes
  • Sunken Eyes
  • Poor skin Turgor
  • Tachycardia
34
Q

What do we do for dehydrated patients?

A
  • Oral or IV fludi replacement over 48 hrs
  • Monitor symptoms and vitals
  • Maintain Intake and Output
  • Maintain IV access
  • Daily Weights
  • Skin and Mouth Care
35
Q

Hypovolemia is…

A

Isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space

36
Q

Hypovolemia can progress to…

A

Hypovolemic Shock

37
Q

Hypovolemia is caused by…

A
  • Excessive fluid loss (hemmorhage)
  • Decreased fluid intake
  • Third Space fluid shifting
38
Q

What do you see in patients with Hypovolemia?

A
  • Mental Status deterioration
  • Thirst
  • Tachycardia
  • Delayed Cap Refill
  • Orthostatic Hypotension
  • Urine output of less than 30 ml/hr
  • Cool, pale extremities
  • Weight loss
39
Q

What do we do for Hypovolemic clients?

A
  • Fluid replacement
  • Albumin replacement
  • MAST Trousers for severe shock
  • Asses for fluid overload with treatment
40
Q

Hypervolemia is…

A

Excess fluid in the extracellular compartment as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake or renal failure

41
Q

Hypervolemia occurs when…

A

-Compensatory mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance

42
Q

Hypervolemia results in…

A

CHF and Pulmonary Edema

43
Q

What do we see in patients who are Hypervolemic?

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Dyspnea
  • Crackles
  • Rapid, bounding pulse
  • Hypertension
  • S3 Gallop
  • Increased central veinous pressure
  • JVD
  • Acute weight gain
  • Edema
44
Q

Hypervolemia results in edema when…

A

fluid is forced into the tissues by hydrostatic pressure.

45
Q

What do we do for a client who is hypervolemic?

A

-Fluid and sodium restriction
-Diuretics
-Monitor vitals
Hourly intake and output
-Breath sounds
-Monitor ABG’s and labs
-Elevate Head of bed and give o2 as ordered.
-Skin and mouth care
-Daily weights

46
Q

Water intoxication is caused when…

A

Hypotonic extracellular fluid shifts into cells in an attempt to restore balance causes cells to swell

47
Q

Early s/s of increased intracranial pressure with water intoxication

A
  • Changes in LOC
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Twitching
  • Cramping
48
Q

Late s/s of increased intracranial pressure with water intoxication

A
  • Bradycardia
  • widened pulse pressure
  • seizures
  • coma
49
Q

What do we do for patients with Water Intoxication?

A
  • Prevention is the best protection
  • Assess neuro status
  • Monitor I&O and vitals
  • Fluid Restrictions
  • IV access
  • Daily Weights
  • Monitor Serum Sodium
  • Seizure precautions

Health Restoration (7 decks)

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