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CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) > Acid/Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid/Base Disorders Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

______ is a decrease in H+ (increase in pH).

A

Alkalemia

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2
Q

The rise in pH from the increase in [HCO3-] is sensed by respiratory system chemoreceptors which leads to ______.

A

a decrease in ventilation

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3
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in _____ resulting in _______.

A

HCO3…… an increase in pH

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3
Q

What are some serious consequences of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • decreased intracranial pressure
  • cardiac arrhythmias
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3
Q

If the urine [Cl-] is less than 20 mEq/L, metabolic alkalosis is categorized as _______.

A

chloride responsive (aka saline responsive)

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4
Q

_______ is an increase in HCO3 resulting in an increase in pH.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

What is the normal HCO3 value?

A

24

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4
Q

What can cause respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • pulmonary diseases
  • hypoxemia
  • voluntary
  • mechanical ventilation
  • fever
  • liver disease
  • pregnancy
  • head injuries
  • salicylate toxicity
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4
Q

______ causes a primary increase in the HCO3.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

If you are breathing too fast, what will happen to the PCO2?

A

it decreases

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5
Q

What is the tx for respiratory alkalosis?

A

treat the underlying cause

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6
Q

Primary respiratory acidosis is ALWAYS from ______.

A

inadequate respiration

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7
Q

_______ is an increase in H+ (decrease in pH).

A

Acidemia

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7
Q

Primary respiratory alkalosis is ALWAYS from _____.

A

breathing too much

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7
Q

______ causes a primary decrease in the HCO3.

A

Metabolic acidosis

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8
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes ______.

A

decrease in the PCO2

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9
Q

Compensation is in which direction?

A

the same as the primary change

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10
Q

Name 2 severe complications of metabolic alkalosis.

A
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • hypocalcemia–> tetany
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11
Q

If the urine [Cl-] is greater than 20 mEq/L, metabolic alkalosis is categorized as _____ aka _____.

A

chloride resistant (aka saline resistant)

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12
Q

______ is ALWAYS due to the inability of the kidney to excrete excess HCO3-.

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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13
Q

Metabolic acidosis is a decrease in _____ resulting in ______.

A

HCO3…. decrease in pH

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14
Q

_______ causes a primary increase in the PCO2.

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

What is a normal anion gap value?

A

9 +/- 3

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16
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is ALWAYS due to ______.

Study These Flashcards
A

the inability of the kidney to excrete excess HCO3-

17
Normal serum sodium is _____ mEq/L.
140
18
Respiratory acidosis is a respiratory process that causes \_\_\_\_\_\_.
a primary increase in the PCO2
20
Respiratory alkalosis is a decrease in _____ resulting in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
CO2....an increase in pH
21
If the serum anion gap is increased, the metabolic acidosis is due to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
the addition of acid
23
Alkalosis is \_\_\_\_\_.
a process that decreases plasma H+ (increases pH)
24
\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes a primary decrease in the PCO2.
Respiratory alkalosis
26
What is the normal pH value?
7.40
27
What is the tx for respiratory acidosis?
* treat the underlying cause * give O2 as needed
28
What is the normal PCO2 value?
40
29
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a decrease in HCO3 resulting in decrease in pH.
Metabolic acidosis
29
Metabolic acidosis is a metabolic process that causes \_\_\_\_\_\_.
a primary decrease in the HCO3
30
What is the tx for metabolic acidosis?
* treat the underlying problem * maybe give sodium bicarb
31
Normal serum chloride is _____ mEq/L.
108
32
H+-ATPase activity increases under the influence of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
aldosterone
33
If the serum anion gap is normal, metabolic acidosis is due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
a loss of bicarbonate
34
What is the tx for metabolic alkalosis?
* chloride responsive = NaCl infusions, hypoventilation * chloride resistant = spironolactone, hypoventilation
36
Acidity = \_\_\_/\_\_\_\_
Bicarb / CO2
37
The body compensates for a metabolic acidosis by _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.
increasing ventilation..... causing a fall in PCO2
38
Mineralocorticoids act on the H+-ATPase pump of the _______ cell in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
intercalated cell.... distal tubule
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a decrease in CO2 resulting in an increase in pH.
Respiratory alkalosis
40
Urine chloride less than 20 mEq/L denotes a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
chloride responsive alkalosis
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an increase in CO2 resulting in a decrease in pH.
Respiratory acidosis
44
What is the system of regulation of H+?
the bicarb buffer system
45
Name the causes of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis (aka saline/NaCl responsive) (Urine Cl- less than 20 mEq/L).
* Diuretics * Vomiting/gastric damage * Villous adenomas (some) * Congenital chloride losing diarrhea * Cystic fibrosis * Post-Hypercapnia
46
Mineralocorticoids act on the ______ of the intercalated cell in the distal tubule.
H+-ATPase pump
47
Urine chloride less than ____ mEq/L denotes a chloride responsive alkalosis.
20
48
How can metabolic alkalosis occur?
1. addition of HCO3- 2. loss of H+ 3. loss of chloride rich fluids 4. post-hypercapneia 5. hypokalemia
50
What are some serious consequences of respiratory acidosis?
* Increased intracranial pressure * cardiac arrhythmias * hypotension from peripheral vasodilatation
52
Acidosis is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
a process that increases plasma H+ (decreases pH)
54
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ act on the H+-ATPase pump of the intercalated cell in the distal tubule.
Mineralocorticoids
55
Name the causes of chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis (aka saline/NaCl resistant) (Urine Cl- greater than 20 mEq /L).
* Excess mineralocorticoids/Cushing's * Licorice ingestion
56
Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic process that causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
a primary increase in the HCO3
57
What are the lab abnormalities in respiratory alkalosis?
* slightly decreased K+ * largely decreased PO4
58
\_\_\_\_\_\_ activity increases under the influence of aldosterone.
H+-ATPase
59
Respiratory acidosis is an increase in _____ resulting in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
CO2.....a decrease in pH

CVPR: Renal (Exam 4) (29 decks)

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