Pharmacology of Renal Failure Flashcards
(33 cards)
_____ are the recommended first line treatments for HTN.
Thiazide diuretics
Name 4 drugs types that may cause hyperkalemia.
- K+ sparing diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Digoxin
Which drugs and physiologic mediators increase constriction of the afferent arterioles, thereby decreasing GFR?
- Angiotensin II
- NE
- adenosine
- NSAIDs
____ is the most common cause of resistance to EPO therapy.
Iron deficiency
Although the majority of drug metabolism occurs in the liver, up to 20% of _____ reactions occur in the kidney.
phase I CYP450
This drug is a vitamin D compound indirectly used to decrease PTH secretion.
calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
What is Cinacalet (Sensipar)?
a calcimimetic drug that directly reduces release of PTH
As kidney disease progresses, the serum concentration of EPO decreases and _____ results.
anemia
Although the majority of drug metabolism occurs in the liver, up to ____% of phase I CYP450 reactions occur in the kidney.
20
This is a calcimimetic drug that directly reduces release of PTH.
Cinacalet (Sensipar)
What is the definitive treatment for hyperkalemia?
hemodialysis
By the time pts reach stage 5 kidney disease, they are typically taking an average of ____ medications daily.
11
There are 5 stages of chronic kidney disease, from 1 to 5. In which stages are the doses of renally eliminated drugs adjusted?
3, 4, 5
What is sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?
a cation exchange resin that exchanges K+ for Na+ in the intestines- used to treat chronic, asymptomatic hypercalcemia
Which drugs and physiologic mediators decrease dilation of the efferent arterioles, thereby decreasing GFR?
- ACE-inhibitors
- ARBs
Which drugs and physiologic mediators reduce dilation of the afferent arterioles, thereby increasing GFR?
- NO
- PGE2/PGE1
- dopamine
- caffeine (adenosine antagonist)
What is the tx for chronic, asymptomatic hyperkalemia?
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Which drugs and physiologic mediators increase constriction of the efferent arterioles, thereby increasing GFR?
- Angiotensin II
- NE
This drug is a cation exchange resin that exchanges K+ for Na+ in the intestines- used to treat chronic, asymptomatic hypercalcemia.
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
In diabetic pts without CKD, renal metabolism is responsible for the removal of ___% of an insulin dose.
30
How can diuretic resistance from late stage CKD be overcome?
the use of synergistic combos of diuretics that act upon different sites in the nephron
Name 5 temporizing therapies for acute hyperkalemia.
- IV calcium gluconate
- insulin
- glucose
- sodium bicarbonate
- beta-2 agonists (nebulized albuterol)
What is calcitriol (Rocaltrol)?
a vitamin D compound indirectly used to decrease PTH secretion
What are phosphate binding agents used for?
to decrease PO4- absorption and thereby decrease serum levels
