Acid - Base Disorders

Question 1

acidemia

Answer 1

increase H+
decrease pH
caused by acidosis

Question 2

alkalemia

Answer 2

decrease H+
increase pH
caused by alkalosis

Question 3

primary disturbance HCO3

Answer 3

more basic
hyperventilation
metabolic

Question 4

primary disturbance of PCO2

Answer 4

more acidic
hypoventilation
respiratory

Question 5

metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

decreased HCO3-
decrease pH
increase H+

Question 6

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

increase HCO3-

increase pH

Question 7

respiratory acidosis

Answer 7

hypoventilation

keep PCO2

Question 8

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 8

hyperventilation

get rid of PCO2

Question 9

first line of defense

Answer 9

buffering in ECF or ICF

Question 10

compensatory response to normalize pH

Answer 10

does not completely restore things to normal but works to get things as close to normal as possible

Question 11

if acid-base disturbance is metabolic than the response is

Answer 11

respiratory to adjust PCO2

Question 12

if acid base disturbance is respiratory response is

Answer 12

metabolic to adjust HCO3- concentration

Question 13

normal value of PCO2

Answer 13

40 mmHG

Question 14

normal value of HCO3

Answer 14

23 mEg/L

Question 15

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 15

• increased production of fixed acids (keto acids & lactic acids)
• ingestion of fixed acid (salicylic acid- aspirin)
• kidney is not able to excrete acid (H+)

Question 16

buffering of metabolic acidosis occurs in

Answer 16

ECF and ICF

Question 17

respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

hyperventilation (decrease PCO2)

Question 18

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 18

• loss of fixed acid
• increase HCO3-
• vomiting

Question 19

vomiting effect on metabolic alkalosis

Answer 19

HCl lost from stomach

H+ stays in stomach
HCO3 enters blood (being retained - more of it)

Question 20

buffering of metabolic alkalosis occurs in

Answer 20

ECF and ICF

Question 21

respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

hypoventilation

increase PCO2

Question 22

renal correction for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

increase HCO3-

restoration = HCO3- is excreted again (no longer needs to be reabsorbed)

Question 23

ECF volume contractions 3 effects on kidney

Answer 23

• increase HCO3 reabsorption in proximal tubule
  -increase Angiotensin II = reabsorption of HCO30
  (renin-Ang-II-aldosteron system)
  -increase aldosteron = increase secretion of H+ & reabsorption of HCO3-

Question 24

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 24

• medulla suppressed by opioids
• paralysis of respiratory muscles (Gullivan-Bare syndrome, ALS, MLS)
• airway obstruction

Question 25

buffering of respiratory acidosis

Answer 25

ICF in RBC's

Question 26

renal compensation of respiratory acidosis

Answer 26

increase HCO3 | decrease H+

Question 27

acute respiratory acidosis

Answer 27

no renal compensation pH low choking

Question 28

chronic respiratory acidosis

Answer 28

renal compensation | increase HCO3-

Question 29

causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 29

- hyperventilation - injury to brain stem - high altitude

Question 30

buffering of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 30

ICF in RBC's

Question 31

renal compensation of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 31

increase H+ decrease HCO3- decrease pH

Question 32

acute respiratory alkalosis

Answer 32

no renal compensation | pH is high

Question 33

chronic respiratory alkalosis

Answer 33

renal compensation | decrease HCO3-