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Physiology 2 Exam 1 > Respiratory Physiology Part 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Part 1 Flashcards

lecture 2

1
Q

function of respiratory

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w the environment and the cells of the body

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2
Q

conducting zone

A

brings air into and out of the lungs

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3
Q

respiratory zone

A

lined with alveoli

gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

structures of conducting zone

A

nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

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5
Q

effects of conducting zone on air

A

it warms, humidifies and filters air before it reaches gas exchange

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6
Q

Mucus and cilia in the conducting zone

A

remove inhaled particles

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7
Q

movement of cilia

A

upward rhythmic beating

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8
Q

what can paralyze cilia / mucus mechanism

A

inhalation of smoke

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9
Q

Sympathetic effects on conducting zone

A

Beta 2 = dilation of airway

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10
Q

Parasympathetic effects on conducting zone

A

muscarinic receptors = contraction

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11
Q

examples of Beta-2

A

epinephrine and albuterol

asthma treatment

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12
Q

structures that participate in respiratory zone

A

bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

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13
Q

bronchioles

A

cilia and smooth muscle

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14
Q

alveolar ducts

A

lined with alveoli

no cilia and very little smooth muscle

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15
Q

gas exchange occurs in

A

alveoli

each lung has 300 million alveoli

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16
Q

why does gas exchange happen rapidly and efficiently

A

alveolar walls are thin and have large surface area

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17
Q

surfactant

A

reduce surface tension of alveoli

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18
Q

what would happen if we didn’t have surfactant

A

the lungs would collapse

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19
Q

macrophages in respiratory zone

A

another line of defense

b/c there is no cilia , macrophages keep alveoli free from dust & debri

20
Q

CO of lungs

A

receive 100% of CO from pulmonary artery (heart)

21
Q

Gravitational effects on pulmonary blood flow

A

Standing –> blood flow is lowest at apex (top) and highest at base (bottom)

Supine–> gravitational effects disappear

22
Q

lung volumes

A

tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Residual volume

23
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air that fills the alveoli + the volume of air that fills the airway

500 mL

24
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

IRV

A

additional volume that can be inspired above tidal volume

3000 mL

25
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

the additional volume that can be expired below tidal volume

1200 mL

26
Q

Residual volume

A

volume of gas remaining in the lungs after maximal forced expiration

1200 mL

27
Q

Lung capacities

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Vital Capacity (VC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

28
Q

inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

3500 mL

29
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV)

2400 mL

remaining volume in the lungs after TV is expired

30
Q

FRC can also be thought of as

A

equilibrium of the lungs

31
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

inspiratory capacity (IC) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

4700 mL

volume expired after maximal inspiration

32
Q

vital capacity can increase with

A

body size
male gender
physical conditioning

33
Q

total lung compacity (TLC)

A

all lung volume

vital capacity + residual volume

5900 mL

34
Q

Dead Space

A

volume of the airways and lungs that does not participate in gas exchange

35
Q

Anatomic Space

A

volume of conducting airways

-when tidal volume is inspired, the entire volume does not reach the alveoli for gas exchange

36
Q

At the end of expiration conducting airways are filled with ___

A

alveolar air

-filled with air that has already been in the alveoli and gas exchange

37
Q

After expiring air & the inspiration of the next tidal volume what happens to alveolar air ?

A

alveolar air is first to enter the alveoli

38
Q

physiologic dead space

A

total volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange

dead space of conducting airways + functional dead space of alveoli

39
Q

ventilation rate

A

volume of air moved into and out of the air per unit of time

40
Q

minute ventilation

A

total rate of air movement into & out of the lung

Tidal Volume x (breaths/min)

41
Q

alveolar ventilation corrects for

A

physiologic dead space

42
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

describes inverse relationship between alveolar ventilation and alveolar PCO2

(the lower the alveolar ventilation , the less CO2 is pulled out of blood & the higher the PaCO2)

43
Q

Alveolar ventilation equation

A

(TV- Physiologic dead space) x breaths/min

44
Q

Forced Vital Capacity

A

total volume of air that can be forcibly expired after max inspiration

45
Q

forced vital capacity in healthy lungs

A

can get all air out in 3 seconds

Physiology 2 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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