Acid controlling drugs

Question 1

What are the three glands of the stomach?

Answer 1

Cardiac, pyloric, and gastric

Question 2

What are the parietal cells, and what is the purpose of drugs that target this area?

Answer 2

They produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and drugs target these cells to treat acid related disorders

Question 3

What is the function of chief cells?

Answer 3

They secrete pepsinogen which is activated to break down proteins

Question 4

What is hydrochloric acid and what is its purpose?

Answer 4

HCl is created within the stomach and it made to help in digestion of food and to prevent microbial infection

Question 5

What are the three types of acid-controlling drugs?

Answer 5

Antacids, H2 antagonists, and PPIs

Question 6

What are antacids

Answer 6

These are drugs made of compounds that neutralize stomach acid

Question 7

Why is simethicone and magnesium put in antacids at times?

Answer 7

Simethicone is an antiflatulent while magnesium helps with constipation

Question 8

What are two issues with calcium antacids?

Answer 8

Calcium antacids can cause kidney stones

Question 9

What patients should avoid magnesium antacids?

Answer 9

Patients with renal failure should avoid them

Question 10

What is the onset and duration of sodium bicarb antacids?

Answer 10

The onset is very quick and it has a short duration or action

Question 11

What is the MOA of antacids?

Answer 11

They neutralize acid secretions and promote gastric mucosal defensive mechanisms. They also reduce pain related to acid disorders within the stomach

Question 12

What are two severe contraindications for antacids?

Answer 12

Renal failure and gastrointestinal obstruction

Question 13

What are the four types of antacids?

Answer 13

Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone, and combo aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide

Question 14

What is a side effect of aluminum salts, and what is used to treat it? What patient would we want to give this to?

Answer 14

They often cause constipation, so they are used with magnesium to counteract that. We use it for patients with renal complications

Question 15

What are a side effects for magnesium salts and how are they treated. What patient would we not give this to?

Answer 15

They can cause diahrhea so they are given with other drugs to counteract that. They also are avoided in kidney failure

Question 16

What is a side effect of calcium salts and what patients are these not given to?

Answer 16

They can cause constipation and kidney stones. They are not given to patients with renal diseases

Question 17

What are two examples of a calcium salt?

Answer 17

Calcium carbonate and simethicone

Question 18

What is a side effect of sodium bicarbonate and what does it do?

Answer 18

It is a buffer against acidic properties of HCl nad its side effects are metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

What drug is used to treat flatulence that may occur with antacid use?

Answer 19

Simethicone

Question 20

What are the main adverse effects for antacids?

Answer 20

Kidney stones, flatulence

Question 21

What are two examples of H2 receptor antagonists?

Answer 21

Ranitidine hydrochloride, and famotidine

Question 22

What is the MOA of H2 antagonists?

Answer 22

They block H2 receptors of parietal cells which treats hyperacidity they reduce acid secretion but don’t abolish them.

Question 23

What effect do H2 antagonists do to other drugs in stomach?

Answer 23

They may inhibit the absorption of drugs that need an acidic environment to be absorbed by the body.

Question 24

What are three examples of proton pump inhibitors?

Answer 24

Lansoprazole, omeprazole, and pantoprazole

Question 25

MOA of proton pump inhibitors?

Answer 25

They prevent the movement of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the stomach. So they temporarily block the proton pumps.

Question 26

What are the three miscellaneous acid-controlling drugs?

Answer 26

Sucralfate, misoprostol, and simethicone

Question 27

What is sucralfate?

Answer 27

This drug binds to the ulcers and erosions within the stomach to form a barrier that protects the areas from pepsin

Question 28

What is misoprostol and what is its primary use?

Answer 28

It protects the gastric mucosa by enhancing production of mucous and bicarb. Its primary use is for NSAID induced gastric ulcers

Question 29

What is simethicone?

Answer 29

This drug is used to reduce the discomfort of flatulence

Question 30

What is peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 30

These are gastric or duodenal ulcers that involve digestion of the GI mucosa by the pepsin enzyme

Question 31

What is the treatment for h pylori

Answer 31

We use proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics or using PPI, bismuth subsalicylate, and an antibiotic

Question 32

How far apart should antacids be taken from others?

Answer 32

They should be taken 1 to 2 hours before using the other drugs

Question 33

Which of the drugs is able to cause confusion and disorientation

Answer 33

H2 antagonists

Question 34

What are the main drug interactions for PPIs

Answer 34

They can increase the chance of bleeding when on warfarin.