Acid Deposition

Question 1

Combustion reactions

Answer 1

• combustion reactions occur in the presence of oxygen and result in the release of energy
• of a hydrocarbon combusts, H2O and CO2 are formed, these are waste products
• in complete combustion plenty of oxygen is available and CO2 is one of the products

Question 2

Incomplete combustion

Answer 2

• carbon monoxide is produced when the quantity of oxygen is limited in combustion
• caused by vehicle exhausts, furnaces.
• usually a yellow flame

Question 3

Oxides of carbon

Answer 3

Natural- 1. Cellular respiration, 2. Volcanic eruptions, 3. Weathering of some forms of rock

Man made- burning hydrocarbons and other forms of biomass

Question 4

Oxides of sulphur

Answer 4

Natural- volcanic outgassings, 2. Hot springs

Man made- 1. Found when coal and crude oil or tar are burned, 2. Found in natural gas as sour gas, 3. Pulp and paper mills, 4. Refining metals

Question 5

Reducing SOx emissions (sulphur oxides)

Answer 5

1. Scrubbing- used to remove components from a mixture of gases by passing it through substances that absorb and separate unwanted components
   - scrubbing is used to remove SO2 produced by the combustion of coal

Question 6

Electrostatic precipitation

Answer 6

• removes fly ash and other unburned material that remain suspended in the exhaust gases when pulverized coal is combusted.

Question 7

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

Answer 7

• whenever any fuel is combusted, nitrogen is present, includes breathing
• when temperatures reach 650 degrees, nutrient activates and forms NO and NO2

Man-made- combustion of cars, fossil fuel power plants, production of fertilizer, burning of crops

Natural- forest fires, catalytic converters NOx to N2 gas

Catalytic converters also oxidize CO to CO2

Not 100% efficient, some NOx still released into atmosphere