Acids Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the formula of hydrochloride acid?
HCl
What is an acid?
A species that is a proton donator. It releases H⁺ ions in aqueous solutions.
What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
What is the formula of nitric acid?
HNO₃
What is a base? What are common bases?
A species that is a proton acceptor. It readily accepts H⁺ ions from an acid. Common bases are metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia.
What is an alkali?
A soluble base that releases OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.
What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
What is the formula of potassium hydroxide?
KOH
What is the formula of aqueous ammonia?
NH₃(aq)
What is a salt?
Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H⁺ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion.
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion.
What is an anhydrous substance?
A substance that contains no water molecules.
What is a hydrated compound?
A crystalline compound containing water molecules.
What is the water of crystallisation?
Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of compound, separated from the empirical formula of a compound by a dot.
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons; the gain of oxygen; the increase in oxidation number.
What is reduction?
The gain of electrons; the loss of oxygen; the decrease in oxidation number.
What is a redox reactions?
A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction take place.
What is a reducing agent?
An agent that adds electrons to (reduces) another species.
What is an oxidising agent?
A reagent that takes electrons from (oxidises) another species.
Describe the reaction of an acid with a carbonate.
Acid + Carbonate → Salt + CO₂ + H₂O
Describe the reaction of an acid with a base.
Acid + Base → Salt + H₂O
Describe the reaction of an acid with an alkali.
Acid + Alkali → Salt + H₂O
