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Science year 8 > Acids and alkalis > Flashcards

Acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

How to measure pH

A

Litmus paper, universal indicator and pH probe

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2
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn when reacting with an acid

A

Red

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3
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn when reacting with an alkali

A

Blue

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4
Q

What colour does litmus paper turn when reacting with a neutral

A

It stays the same colour

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5
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn when reacting with an acid

A

Red

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6
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn when reacting with an alkali

A

Blue

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7
Q

What order does the colour pH scale go

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple

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8
Q

What is a pestle and mortar

A

The mortar is the bowl and the pestle is the stick you crush the items inside the mortar with

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9
Q

What is a solvent

A

The liquid an item(solute) is being dissolved in

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10
Q

What is a solute

A

Something that dissolves in a liquid (solvent)

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11
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an acid reacts with an alkali/ base that cancels it out. The pH gets closer to 7.

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12
Q

How to neutralise a bee sting

A

Bee stings are acidic so adding an alkaline/ base would bring the pH closer to 7.

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13
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali

A

An alkali dissolves in water( soluble) but a base does not (insoluble). Alkalis are types of bases

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14
Q

How does neutralisation solve indigestion

A

Our stomachs have hydrochloric acid and too much can cause indigestion so antacid tablets contain bases to neutralise the extra acid but not too much to an extent that the stomach pH is too close to neutral.

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15
Q

How does neutralisation solve the soil for crops

A

Plants can’t grow on acidic soil so you can add bases to make the soil less acidic, where crops can grow.

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16
Q

How does neutralisation solve brushing teeth

A

Incorporating fluoride ,an alkali, into the tooth enamel makes your teeth more resistant to acids and plaque, also acidic.

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17
Q

How does neutralisation solve acidic lakes

A

Powdered limestone is alkaline so adding it to acidic lakes would neutralise the pH. This is called liming but it is expensive and temporary.

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18
Q

In the indigestion remedy tablet investigation, what would you use to represent the acid in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

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19
Q

How can you measure reactivity in the indigestion tablet investigation

A

If it fizzes for the longest and turns green with drops from the universal indicator it works very well.

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20
Q

How to tell whether another metal has a higher reactivity than the other

A

If one metal displaces another metal it means it has a higher reactivity. Displacement is replacing a less reactive metal with a more reactive one in a compound.

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21
Q

Magnesium + sulfuric acid =?

A

Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

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22
Q

Chemical formula for Sodium

A

Na

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23
Q

Chemical formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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24
Q

Chemical formula for hydrogen

A

H2

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25
Chemical formula for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
26
Chemical formula for nitric acid
HNO3
27
Chemical formula for copper
Cu
28
Chemical formula for calcium
Ca
29
Chemical formula for nitrate
NO3
30
Chemical formula for sulfate
SO2-4
31
Chemical formula for vinegar
C2H4O2
32
Chemical formula for carbon
C
33
Chemical formula for helium
He
34
Chemical formula for gold
Au
35
Chemical formula for silver
Ag
36
Chemical formula for nitrogen
N2
37
Chemical formula for tin
An
38
Chemical formula for magnesium
Mg
39
Chemical formula for zinc
Zn
40
Chemical formula for sulfur
S8
41
Chemical formula for iron
Fe
42
What does an acid and base make
Salt and water
43
What does metal and acid make
Salt and hydrogen
44
What does acid and metal carbonate make
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
45
What does sulphuric acid react to
Sulfate
46
What does hydrochloric acid react to
Chlorides
47
What does nitric acid react to
Nitrates
48
Properties of carbon
Insoluble, inert and at high temperatures reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide/dioxide
49
Properties of calcium
Used to build strong bones and is a silvery white metal
50
Properties of neon
Second lightest gas that is odourless and colourless and used in high voltage indicators like lights
51
Properties of sulfur
Insoluble, pale yellow, odourless, tasteless, poor conductor and used in car batteries
52
Properties of copper
Malleable, ductile, good conductor and used in coins/ jewellery
53
What does malleable mean
Can be compressed to change shape
54
What does ductile mean
Able to be made into a thin wire
55
Properties of helium
Lightest noble gas, inert, colourless, odourless and used in airbags in cars
56
Properties of iron
Shiny, ductile, malleable, silver grey colour and used in appliances
57
Inert meaning
Chemically unreactive
58
Properties of gold
Used in jewellery and most ductile, malleable of all metals and is expensive because it has a low reactivity
59
Properties of sodium
Very reactive, good conductor, low density, malleable and ductile and boiling point is 98 degrees
60
Properties of nitrogen
Colourless, odourless, tasteless and most plentiful element in the atmosphere and is used in explosives
61
How can you tell something is a metal
Shiny, solid at room temp (apart from mercury) malleable, ductile and have a high melting point and are good conductors (except graphite)
62
What do you add when a metal reacts with oxygen
Oxide
63
Are non metal oxides alkaline or acidic
Acidic
64
How to describe non metal oxides
Dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
65
How to describe metal oxides
Dissolve in water to produce alkaline solutions
66
What is the pop test
If you put hydrogen in a test tube and put a lighted match above it, it should make a pop sound.
67
How does iron react to hydrochloric acid
Air bubbles
68
How does magnesium react to hydrochloric acid
Fizzes
69
How does zinc react to hydrochloric acid
Air bubbles
70
How does copper react to hydrochloric acid
No reaction because it is less reactive
71
Reactivity series of metals
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
72
What happens to the displaced metal in a reaction
It is left pure and uncombined.
73
What metal is used to displace valuable copper from a solution in industry
Iron
74
What is a pH probe
It is a pH probe connected to a pH meter. When the pH probe is dipped in a solution, the pH is electronically measured and displayed on the pH meter.
75
Why is a pH probe better than a universal indicator
It is more accurate
76
What is an acid
An aqueous solution with a pH less than 7. In water, they produce positive hydrogen ions which make it acidic
77
What is an alkali
A type of base above pH 7 that is soluble. In water, they produce OH- ions called hydroxide ions
78
What is the most common base
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
79
Chemical formula for calcium carbonate
CaCO3
80
What happens to the concentration of H+ ions when the pH number decreases by one
The H+ ions increase by a factor of 10
81
What is a strong acid
When in water, the ions disassociate fully (ionise). They are irreversible
82
What is a weak acid
When in water, the ions partially disassociate and they are reversible. In a formula, the arrows will go both ways to show this and the equilibrium would be to the far left of the arrow to show majority of the ions are undissociated.
83
What is an equilibrium in chemistry
It is a state where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal. In a weak acid formula, the equilibrium would be to the far left to show majority of the ions are undissociated.
84
What is the difference between acid strength and concentration
The acid strength is how much it disassociates and the concentration is how much acid is in a certain volume

Science year 8 (6 decks)

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