Acids and Bases

Question 1

acids

Answer 1

acids are substances that have a sour taste and they can react with bases to give neutral results

Question 2

weak acids

Answer 2

acids we use at home

• acetic acid (vinegar)
• carbonic acid (fizzy drinks)
• ascorbic acid (oranges)
• citric acid (lemons)
• tannic acid (tea)

Question 3

strong acids

Answer 3

acids we use in the lab

• hydrochloric acid
• sulfuric acid
• nitric acid

Question 4

dilute solution

Answer 4

when we put a little bit of acid into 100ml of solution

Question 5

concentrated solution

Answer 5

when we put a lot of acid into 100ml of solution

Question 6

irritant

Answer 6

bottles labeled irritant are substances that when it makes contact with your skin it will become red or blistered

Question 7

corrosive

Answer 7

bottles labeled corrosive are substances that attack metals and destroy skin

Question 8

bases

Answer 8

substances that have a bitter taste and react with acids to give neutral solutions

Question 9

alkalis

Answer 9

bases that dissolve in water

Question 10

bases are often used in

Answer 10

household cleaners

Question 11

drain cleaners

Answer 11

contain sodium hydroxide

Question 12

strong bases

Answer 12

• sodium hydroxide
• potassium hydroxide
• calcium hydroxide

Question 13

weak bases

Answer 13

• ammonia
• toothpaste
• baking powder

Question 14

safety equipment

Answer 14

• lab coat to prevent spillages on clothes
• safety goggles prevent spillages on eyes
• gloves prevent spillages on skin

Question 15

indicators

Answer 15

when we need to identify whether a colorless liquid is an acid or base we must use an indicator. Indicators contain a dye that changes color depending on whether it is mixed with an acid or a base

Question 16

litmus

Answer 16

acid: red / neutral: purple / base: blue

Question 17

phenolphthalein

Answer 17

acid: colorless / neutral: colorless / base: pink

Question 18

methyl orange

Answer 18

acid: red / neutral: orange / base: yellow

Question 19

red cabbage

Answer 19

acid: red / neutral: purple / base: green

Question 20

universal indicator

Answer 20

acid: red / neutral: green / base: purple

Question 21

ph scale

Answer 21

the ph scale is used to show how strong or weak an acid or base is. Its measured on a scale from 1 to 14. The closer the number is to 1 the more acidic it is. The closer to 14, the more basic it is. If it is at 7, it means its neutral

Question 22

neutralisation reaction

Answer 22

acid + alkali –> salt and water

Question 23

neutralisation examples

Answer 23

• shampoos are mild alkaline which make hair unmanageable. We use conditioner which is mild acidic to neutralise it
• toothpaste contains bases that neutralise the acid in our mouths
• vinegar is used to cure the wasp string that is alkaline
• baking powder is used to cure bee stings that are acidic