Acids and Bases

Question 1

Bronsted Lowry acids

Answer 1

a species that donates a proton, H+, during an acid base reaction.

Question 2

Bronsted Lowry bases

Answer 2

a species that accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction.

Question 3

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 3

HCl

Question 4

Sulfuric acid

Answer 4

H2SO4

Question 5

Nitric acid

Answer 5

HNO3-

Question 6

Phosphoric acid

Answer 6

H3PO4

Question 7

Ammonium

Answer 7

NH4+

Question 8

Ethanoic acid

Answer 8

CH3COOH

Question 9

General properties of acids

Answer 9

• change colour of some indictors eg. turn blue litmus red
• tend to be corrosive
• taste sour
• react with bases
• have a PH less than 7
• solutions can conduct an electrical current

Question 10

Alkali

Answer 10

soluble base that dissociates hydroxide ions

Question 11

Sodium Hydroxide

Answer 11

base

NaOH

Question 12

Ammonia

Answer 12

base

NH3

Question 13

oxide

Answer 13

base

O2-

Question 14

general properties of bases

Answer 14

• turn red litmus blue
• have a slippery feel
• taste bitter
• are caustic
• react with acids
• have a PH above 7
• solutions cannot conduct electrical current

Question 15

Ionisation

Answer 15

process by which a chemical species gains or loses an electric charge

Question 16

Dissociation

Answer 16

process by which a molecule separates into smaller particles

Question 17

Acid + Base

Answer 17

Salt +water

Question 18

Metal + acid

Answer 18

salt + hydrogen

Question 19

carbonate + acid

Answer 19

water + CO2 +salt

Question 20

hydronium and hydroxide

Answer 20

only species that affect PH

Question 21

Amphiprotic

Answer 21

can either donate or accept a proton.

Question 22

Monoprotic

Answer 22

species that donate one H+ during ionisation

Question 23

Diprotic

Answer 23

species that donates two protons during ionisation

Question 24

polyprotic

Answer 24

species that donates multiple protons during ionisation.

Question 25

Strong acid

Answer 25

will undergo complete ionisation when added to water. Almost all acid molecules in solution will donate a proto to form aqueous ions. eg. sulfuric acid

Question 26

weak acid

Answer 26

does not readily give up its H+ions in solution. reaction does not go to completion so double arrow eg. ethanoic acid

Question 27

Strong base

Answer 27

readily accepts a proton, H+ during an acid-base reaction readily dissociates to form OH- ions. eg. NaOH, KOH

Question 28

weak bases

Answer 28

does not readily accept H+ ions used double arrow to show that reactions don't go to completion. eg. ammonia

Question 29

Strong acids have...

Answer 29

negligible conjugate bases

Question 30

Strong bases have...

Answer 30

negligible conjugate acids

Question 31

The stronger the acid the (pH value)?

Answer 31

lower

Question 32

pH 7

Answer 32

neutral

Question 33

the stronger the base (pH)?

Answer 33

the higher the pH value