Acids and Bases

Question 1

Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases

Answer 1

a substance that donates a H+ is an acid and a substance that donates a OH- is a base

Question 2

neutralization reaction

Answer 2

when an acid is mixed with a base, a salt and water forms

Question 3

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 3

substance that donates a H+

Question 4

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 4

substance that accepts a H+

Question 5

hydronium is a

Answer 5

pronated water molecule

Question 6

conjugate acid/base pair

Answer 6

two substances that differ by 1 H+

Question 7

amphiprotic substance

Answer 7

species that can act as an acid or a base

Question 8

most common amphiprotic substance

Answer 8

water

Question 9

titration

Answer 9

types of volumetric analysis where the concentration of a solution can be determined through stoichiometry using a standard solution

Question 10

titrant

Answer 10

solution that is standardized of known concentration

Question 11

analyte

Answer 11

solution tested of unknown concentration

Question 12

equivalence point

Answer 12

point in the titration where the moles of the titrant are equal to the moles of the analyte

Question 13

acid/base indicators

Answer 13

complex molecules that change in the presence of an acid or a base

Question 14

bromothymol blue

Answer 14

green when neutral, blue when basic, yellow when acidic

Question 15

phenolphthalein

Answer 15

turns pink in the presence of a base

Question 16

What is the difference between a concentrated acid and a strong acid?

Answer 16

concentration refers to the amount of molecules in a solvent and strength refers to the extent of ionization

Question 17

strong acid

Answer 17

acid that ionizes completely

Question 18

6 strong acids

Answer 18

perchloric, hydroiodic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric

Question 19

weak acid

Answer 19

acid that only partially ionizes in water

Question 20

acid ionization constant

Answer 20

Ka; equilibrium constant for weak acids

Question 21

all weak acids have a

Answer 21

ka<1

Question 22

strong base

Answer 22

base that ionizes completely

Question 23

strong bases include the OH- bound to a

Answer 23

group 1A or 2A element

Question 24

weak base

Answer 24

base that partially ionizes in water

Question 25

base ionization constant

Answer 25

Kb; equilibrium constant for weak bases

Question 26

binary acid(Hx)

Answer 26

the strength of a binary acid is determined by bond length

Question 27

bond length

Answer 27

the distance between the H and its anion

Question 28

binary acids: the larger the anion,

Answer 28

the longer the bond, the longer the bond the weaker the bond, the weaker the bond, the easier the H+ ionizes(stronger acid)

Question 29

the more H+ on the binary acids,

Answer 29

the weaker the acid

Question 30

hydrohalic acids are

Answer 30

the strongest acids

Question 31

hydrohalic acids

Answer 31

acids made with halogens

Question 32

ternary acids(oxo-acids, oxy-acids)

Answer 32

the strength of ternary acids are determined by the number of oxygens and the electronegativity of the center atom

Question 33

ternary acids: the stronger acid has

Answer 33

more oxygens; if oxygens are the same, the acid with the more electronegative center atom is stronger

Question 34

carboxyllic acids

Answer 34

the strength of a carboxyllic acid is determined by the polarization of the -O-H- bond

Question 35

carboxyllic acid: the fewer carbons in the base chain

Answer 35

causes increased polarization, making a stronger acid

Question 36

the substance that has the higher Ka value will

Answer 36

act as the acid, the proton donor

Question 37

shifts in equilibria for acid-base systems

Answer 37

the direction of strong acid and strong base forming the weak acid and base is favored

Question 38

the strong acid and the strong base are

Answer 38

always on the same side of the equation

Question 39

leveling effect

Answer 39

the effect that all strong acids ionize completely in water gives the impression that they are all the same strength