H Chemistry: Unit 7

Question 1

solution

Answer 1

homogeneous mixture made of a solute and a solvent

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance being dissolved

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance dissolving the solute

Question 4

universal solvent

Answer 4

water

Question 5

solutions can be

Answer 5

solids, liquids, and gases

Question 6

solutions made with water are referred to as

Answer 6

aqueous

Question 7

soluble

Answer 7

solutes ability to dissolve in a solvent

Question 8

insoluble

Answer 8

inability for a solute to dissolve

Question 9

miscible

Answer 9

the ability of two liquids to mix together

Question 10

immiscible

Answer 10

the inability of two liquids to mix together

Question 11

solvation

Answer 11

process of dissolving; opposite of crystallization

Question 12

factors that increase solvation

Answer 12

1. agitation
2. increase the temperature
3. increase the surface area of the solute

Question 13

solvation>crystallization

Answer 13

unsaturated solution

Question 14

solvation=crystallization

Answer 14

saturated solution

Question 15

solvation<crystallization

Answer 15

precipitation(solid in solution)

Question 16

supersaturated solution

Answer 16

solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution; unstable and crystallizes rapidly

Question 17

how to make a supersaturated solution

Answer 17

1. add solute slowly and heat a saturated soln
2. stir slowly
3. let it cool to room temperature

Question 18

delta H of solution

Answer 18

change in energy when a solution is formed

Question 19

solubility

Answer 19

maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in 100 grams of solvent at STP

Question 20

factors that affect solubility

Answer 20

1. temperature
2. pressure

Question 21

concentration

Answer 21

expression of the ratio of solute to solvent

Question 22

diluted solution

Answer 22

very little solute to solvent

Question 23

concentrated solution

Answer 23

a lot of solute compared to solvent(saturated solution)

Question 24

molarity

Answer 24

M; concentration of miles of solute per liter of solution

Question 25

stock solution

Answer 25

solution that is concentrated from which diluted solutions can be made

Question 26

M1V1=

Answer 26

M2V2

Question 27

solubility rules 1

Answer 27

salts made with Group 1A elements and ammonium are soluble

Question 28

solubility rules 2

Answer 28

acetates, bicarbonates, chlorates, & nitrates are soluble

Question 29

solubility rules 3

Answer 29

salts made with Br, Cl, I are soluble except when bound to silver, mercury, or lead

Question 30

solubility rules 4

Answer 30

sulfates are soluble except when bound to silver, mercury, lead, calcium, strontium, or barium

Question 31

solubility rules 5

Answer 31

carbonates, chromates, hydroxides, oxides, and phosphates are insoluble except for rule #1

Question 32

assumptions of ideal gases(5)

Answer 32

1. gas particles are in constant random motion 2. gas particles do not attract or repel each other 3. gas particles are much smaller than the space between them 4. gas particles do not lose kinetic energy when they collide with themselves or their container 5. gas particles have the same kinetic energy at a given temperature

Question 33

4 properties if gases

Answer 33

1. volume 2. pressure 3. temperature(K) 4. amount(mol)

Question 34

Charles law

Answer 34

a volume of a specific amount of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure

Question 35

charles law formula

Answer 35

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 36

Boyles Law

Answer 36

the pressure of a specific amount of gas is inversely related to volume at constant temperature

Question 37

boyles law formula

Answer 37

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 38

how many psi in 1 atm

Answer 38

14.7

Question 39

how many bar in 1 atm

Answer 39

1.01

Question 40

how many mmHg(torr) in 1 atm

Answer 40

760

Question 41

how many kPa in 1 atm

Answer 41

101.3

Question 42

Gay-Lussacs law

Answer 42

the pressure of a specific amount of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant volume

Question 43

gay-lussacs law formula

Answer 43

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Question 44

combined gas law formula

Answer 44

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Question 45

combined gas law is used when

Answer 45

only miles are constant and 5 pieces of information are given and you must solve for the 6th; temp must be in K

Question 46

ideal gas law

Answer 46

used to solve for a property of a gas at a given moment

Question 47

ideal gas law formula

Answer 47

PV = nRT

Question 48

ideal gas constant

Answer 48

0.0821(Lxatm)/(molxK)

Question 49

vapor

Answer 49

gaseous substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

Question 50

vapor pressure

Answer 50

pressure exerted by a vapor; every liquid has vapor pressure; determined by molecular structure and mass

Question 51

boiling point

Answer 51

temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure

Question 52

partial pressure

Answer 52

pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture

Question 53

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Answer 53

the total pressure of a mixture is equal to the sun of the partial pressure of the gases that make up a mixture

Question 54

diffusion

Answer 54

movement of a gas from high concentration to low concentration

Question 55

effusion

Answer 55

movement of a gas through a small opening of hole

Question 56

KE=

Answer 56

1/2 mv^2

Question 57

the smaller the gas particle

Answer 57

the higher the velocity

Question 58

grahams law

Answer 58

the rate(velocity) of a gas particle is inversely related to the square root of its molar mass

Question 59

grahams law formula

Answer 59

Rate a/Rate b = (molar mass a/ molar mass b)^1/2

Question 60

Avagadros law

Answer 60

the volume at constant pressure is directly proportional to the number of gas particles at a given temperature

Question 61

avagadros law formula

Answer 61

V1/N1 = V2/N2

Question 62

standard volume of gas

Answer 62

one mole of gaseous particles at STP occupies 22.4 L of space regardless of identity