Acids and Bases Flashcards
(28 cards)
Define Acids
H3O+/H+ in water (strong: ionizes completely and weak: ionizes incompletely)
Define Bases
OH- in water (strong: ionizes completely and weak: ionizes incompletely)
Bronsted-Lowry is all about…
Protons (H+)
B/L Acid
proton donor
B/L Base
proton acceptor
Lewis is all about…
electrons
Lewis Acid
electron acceptor
Lewis Base
electron donor
acids and bases can make a * in a neutralization reaction
adduct/complex
Common lewis acids:
molecules with <8 electrons, positively charge, and some that can extend octet (PCl3 and SF4)
Common lewis bases:
anions and neutral molecules w/ unshared electrons
displacement reactions only occur when…
free acid is a strong L/A than A, more electron deficient (higher electronegativity)
However for boron…
BF3<BCl3<BBr3
basicity
thermodynamic tendency of a substance to act as a lewis base
HSAB Theory
hard acids prefer hard bases and soft acids prefer soft bases
Soft bases
highest polarizability, smaller electronegativity, easily oxidizable
Soft bases examples
RS-, I-, CN-, CO, R3P…
Hard bases
low polarizability, bigger electronegativity
Hard bases examples
NR3, RO-, F-, Cl-, CO32-, H2O….
Borderline bases
Br-, SO32-
Soft acids
high polarizability, large size, filled outer orbitals
Soft acids examples
Ag+, Cu+, Pd2+, Pt2+, I+, uncharged metals
Hard acids
low polarizability, small, higher charge
