Acids and Bases

Question 1

What do acids taste like?

Answer 1

Acids taste sour

Question 2

What effect do acids have on litmus paper?

Answer 2

They turn blue litmus paper red and have no effect on red litmus paper

Question 3

What effect do acids have on Phenolphthalein (ppt)?

Answer 3

ppt is colourless in acids

Question 4

Do acids corrode metals?

Answer 4

Yes, acids corrode metal and hydrogen is given off in the process, but only in aqueous forms (as liquids)

Question 5

What do bases taste like?

Answer 5

Bases taste bitter

Question 6

What effect do bases have on litmus paper?

Answer 6

Bases turn red litmus paper blue (BRB) and don’t affect blue litmus paper

Question 7

What effect do bases have on Phenolphthalein (ppt)?

Answer 7

ppt is pink in bases

Question 8

Do bases corrode metal?

Answer 8

No, bases do not corrode metal

Question 9

Do dry acids and bases show their properties?

Answer 9

No, only liquid acids and bases show their properties

Question 10

What is an indicator?

Answer 10

Indicators are chemicals that change colour when acids and bases are added. These are used to test whether a substance is an acid or a base.

Question 11

List three common household acids

Answer 11

vinegar, citric acid and aspirin

Question 12

List three common household bases

Answer 12

baking soda, tonic water and soap

Question 13

What do acids produce in solution?

Answer 13

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions [H+(aq) and H3O (aq) / hydronium] in solution

Question 14

What do bases produce in solution?

Answer 14

Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

Question 15

Do acids and bases conduct electricity?

Answer 15

Yes, they do.

Question 16

How do you identify an acid from its formula?

Answer 16

All acids start with an H

Question 17

How do you identify a base from its formula?

Answer 17

All bases end in OH

Question 18

What is a binary acid?

Answer 18

An acid composed of 2 elements: hydrogen and a non-metal.

Question 19

How do you name binary acids?

Answer 19

hydro + root of non-metal + “ic” + acid

Question 20

What is an oxoacid?

Answer 20

An acid composed of hydrogen, oxygen and another element (hydrogen and a polyatomic ion)

Question 21

How do you name oxoacids with polyatomic ions that end with “ate”?

Answer 21

root of the polyatomic ion (remove “ate”) + “ic” + acid

Question 22

How do you name oxoacids with polyatomic ions that end in “ite”?

Answer 22

root of the polyatomic ion (remove “ite”) + “ous” + acid

Question 23

When can you use IUPAC to name an acid?

Answer 23

IUPAC can be used to name any oxoacid

Question 24

What is the formation of IUPAC?

Answer 24

aqueous + hydrogen + full name of polyatomic anion

Question 25

How do you find the formula of an acid?

Answer 25

Use the crossover method for charges.

Question 26

How do you name a base?

Answer 26

name of metal + hydroxide

Question 27

How do you find the formula of a base?

Answer 27

Use the crossover method for charges.

Question 28

What is pH?

Answer 28

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is.

Question 29

What does pH stand for?

Answer 29

potential of Hydrogen

Question 30

What pH values do acids have?

Answer 30

Acids have pH values under 7

Question 31

What pH values do bases have?

Answer 31

Bases have pH values over 7

Question 32

What does it mean if a substance has a pH of 7?

Answer 32

It is neither acidic nor alkaline, but neutral.

Question 33

What is [H+] on the pH scale and how do you write it?

Answer 33

The H+ is the concentration of hydrogen ions. You write 10 with a negative power of whatever the pH of the substance is. (Ex. 10 to the power of -5)

Question 34

What is the strongest acidic pH?

Answer 34

0

Question 35

What is the strongest basic pH?

Answer 35

14

Question 36

What is the weakest acidic pH?

Answer 36

As close to seven as possible while remaining less than 7.

Question 37

What is the weakest basic pH?

Answer 37

As close to seven as possible while remaining higher than 7.

Question 38

What is the dissociation constant?

Answer 38

A percentage expressing the strength of an acid or a base. This is based on how distant its pH is from 7. The farther away, the higher the dissociation constant. The higher the dissociation constant, the stronger the acid or base.

Question 39

What colour is bromothymol blue in acids?

Answer 39

yellow

Question 40

What colour is bromothymol blue in bases?

Answer 40

blue

Question 41

What colour is bromothymol blue in a neutral solution?

Answer 41

blue

Question 42

What colour is ppt in a neutral solution?

Answer 42

colourless