``` Bitter taste Aq solutions conduct electricity React with acids to form water & salt Slippery Turn litmus paper blue ```

Acids and Bases Flashcards by Julia Mason

Acids

Sour taste
Aq solutions conduct electricity
React with bases to form water & salt
Nonoxidizing acids react with metals to produce H gas
Turn litmus paper red

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Bases

Bitter taste
Aq solutions conduct electricity
React with acids to form water &amp; salt
Slippery
Turn litmus paper blue

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Arrhenius acid

A species that produces H+

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Arrhenius base

A species that produces OH-

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Bronsted-Lowry acid

A species that donates protons

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Bronsted-Lowry base

A species that accepts protons

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Lewis acid

Electron-pair acceptor

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Lewis base

Electron-pair donor

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Acid dissociation constant, Ka

Measure the degree to which an acid dissociates

Weaker acid = smaller Ka

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Base dissociation constant, Kb

Measure the degree to which a base dissociated

Weaker base = smaller Kb

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Conjugate acid

The acid formed when a base gains a proton

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Conjugate base

The base formed when an acid loses a proton

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Neutralization reaction

Acids and bases react to form a salt and water

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Hydrolysis

Salt ions react with water to form an acid or base

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Acid equivalent

Equal to one mole of H+ ions

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Base equivalent

Equal to one mole of OH- ions

Polyvalent

Each mole of acid of base liberates more than one acid or base equivalent

Equivalent weight

MW divided by number of equivalents per mole

Amphoteric species

One that can act as an acid or base depending on its chemical environment

Titration

A procedure used to determine the molarity of an acid or base
A known volume of a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a known volume of a solution of known concentration

Equivalence point

The number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents

End point

The point at which an indicator changes colour

Indicator

Weak organic acids or bases that have different colours in their undissociated and dissociated states

Buffer solution

Resist changes in pH

A mixture of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt

Henderson-Hasselbalach equation

Used to estimate the pH of a solution in the buffer region where the concentrations of the species and its conjugate are present in approximately equal concentrations

Polyprotic acids and bases

Produce titration curve with multiple half-equivalence points in buffer region (= pKa) and equivalence points (predominate species)