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Acids & Bases Flashcards

Acid-base chemistry, identification of strong, weak, and negligible acids and bases. (81 cards)

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1
Q

HI –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = I- (negligible)

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2
Q

HBr –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = Br- (negligible)

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3
Q

HCl –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = Cl- (negligible)

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4
Q

H2SO4 –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = HSO4- (negligible)

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5
Q

HNO3 –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base: NO3- (negligible)

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6
Q

HClO4 –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = ClO4- (negligible)

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7
Q

HClO3 –>

A

strong acid

Conjugate base = ClO3- (negligible)

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8
Q

HSO4- <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = SO4^2-

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9
Q

H3PO4 <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = H2PO4-

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10
Q

HF <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = F-

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11
Q

CH3COOH <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = CH3COO-

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12
Q

H2CO3 <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = HCO3-

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13
Q

H2S <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = HS-

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14
Q

H2PO4- <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = HPO4^2-

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15
Q

NH4+ <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = NH3

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16
Q

HCO3- <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = CO3^2-

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17
Q

HPO4^2- <=>

A

weak acid

Conjugate base = PO4^3-

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18
Q

OH- –>

A

strong base

Conjugate acid = O^2-

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19
Q

H2 –>

A

strong base

Conjugate acid = H-

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20
Q

CH4 –>

A

strong base

Conjugate acid = CH3-

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21
Q

The Inductive Effect

A

In general, the more electronegative the atoms, the stronger the oxyacid ( hydrogen attached to oxygen)

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22
Q

oxyacid

A

an acid where acidic proton (H+) is attached to an oxygen

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23
Q

weaker O-H bond =

A

stronger acid

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24
Q

stronger O-H bond =

A

weaker acid

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25
more oxygens =
stronger oxyacid
26
the stronger the acid =
the weaker the conjugate base
27
the stronger the base =
the weaker the conjugate acid
28
strong acids
dissociate completely in the forward direction
29
strong bases
dissociate completely in the backwards direction
30
weak acids and bases
dissociate partially in the forward direction, these undergo acid/base equilibria
31
negligible acids and bases
too weak to be called weak, they are just spectator ions
32
the conjugate of a strong acid is a...
... negligible base
33
the conjugate of a strong base is a...
... negligible acid
34
The Taylor Swift Hypothesis
once a strong acid dissociates, it will never ever ever get back together
35
weaker acid =
stronger conjugate base
36
stronger acid =
weaker conjugate base
37
weaker base =
stronger conjugate acid
38
stronger base =
weaker conjugate acid
39
the conjugate of a weak thing is...
a weak thing
40
Arrhenius acid
any compound that dissociates in water to form H3O+
41
Arrhenius base
any compound that dissociates in water to form OH-
42
Brønsted-Lowry acid
a compound that donates H+
43
Brønsted-Lowry base
a compound that accepts H+
44
Lewis acid
a compound that accepts electrons (becomes more negative)
45
Lewis base
a compound that donates electrons (becomes less negative)
46
transition metals and any cation that isn't group I or group II metal calcium and below are...
... acids
47
transition (and post-transition) metal cations are...
... acidic in water
48
Lewis acids can have a...
... positive or neutral charge & need/want/can accept more electron density
49
What factors make for a stronger Lewis Acid?
- higher charge - smaller size - water can get closer - stronger interaction
50
Lewis Bases can have a...
... negative or neutral charge & need to have a lone pair of electrons to donate
51
Acidic solution concentrations
[H+] > [OH-]
52
Neutral solution concentrations
[H+] = [OH-]
53
Basic solution concentrations
[H+] < [OH-]
54
What is the equilibrium constant expression for auto-ionization of water?
Kw[H+][OH-]
55
equation to calculate pH
pH = -log [H+]
56
equation to calculate pOH
pOH = -log [OH-]
57
at 25 degrees Celcius
pH + pOH = 14
58
low pH =
High [H+]
59
high pH =
Low [H+]
60
Kw = [H+][OH-] @25 C
1.0 x 10^-14
61
pKw = -log(Kw)
14
62
"p" =
-log
63
electrolytes
charged particles carry current
64
For a strong acid in aqueous solution:
[HA] initial = [H+] final
65
For a weak acid in aqueous solution
[HA] initial > [H+] final
66
When in doubt?
ICE IT OUT
67
Ka equation for a weak acid, HA
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
68
Ka of weaker acids
really really small number (ex. 6.8 x 10^-4)
69
Ka of strong acids
really really big number (ex. 3.2 x 10^9)
70
4-step process for GREAT results
1. write out the reaction 2. fill out your ICE table 3. write equilibrium expression 4. SOLVE
71
LiOH
strong base
72
NaOH
strong base
73
KOH
strong base
74
RbOH
strong base
75
CsOH
strong base
76
Ca(OH)2
strong base
77
Sr(OH)2
strong base
78
Ba(OH)2
strong base
79
O2-
strong base
80
H-
strong base
81
NH2-
strong base

Acids & Bases (1 decks)

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