Acids Bases And Salts

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

Substance which produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 2

When do acids show acidic properties?

Answer 2

Dissolved in water as hydrogen ions are only produced when a acid dissolved. As it dissociates to form __ and __ ions

Hydrogen ions are responsible for acidic properties

If dry: do not dissociate

Question 3

Name the acids 
Hydrochloride Acid
Sulfuric Acid 
Nitric Acid 
Phosphoric Acid
Ethanoic Acid

Answer 3

All strong except for phosphoric and ethanoic acid

Question 4

Properties of acids?

Answer 4

It is corrosive, has a sour taste, PH 0 to less than 7, turns noise blue litmus paper red, dissolved in water onto form solution that conducts electricity

Question 5

Acid & Metal

Answer 5

Salt and Hydrogen Gas

Question 6

How to identify hydrogen

Answer 6

Colourless, odourless gas extinguishes lighted splint with a pop sound

Question 7

What is the reactivity Series

Answer 7

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver, Gold

Only above hydrogen are reactive
First three too reactive= cannot take place in lab as unsafe

Question 8

What happens if insoluble sal is in metal or metal carbonate react with acid reaction?

Answer 8

Insoluble salt forms a insoluble coat around reactants (not acid?), prevent further reaction from taking place as reactants cannot come into contact with each other’s poor yield of product from reaction

CHECK NOTES

Question 9

Solubility Table

Answer 9

Nitrate salts= all soluble
Group 1 and ammonium salts = all soluble
Sulfate salts= all soluble except barium, calcium and lead
Halide( grp7) salts= all soluble except silver and lead
Carbonate Salts and hydroxide salts: all insoluble except group 1 and ammonium salts

Question 10

Acid + Metal carbonate

Answer 10

Salt + carbon dioxide gas+ water liquid

Question 11

Identify carbon dioxide has

Answer 11

Effervescence observed= this Colourless odourless gas released that forms a white precipitate ( calcium oxide) when dissolved in limewater (calcium hydroxide)

Question 12

Acid + Base (metal hydroxide/oxide)

Ionic equation?

Answer 12

Salt + Water

Neutralisation
Ionic equation btw acids and alkalis always same for all cases, which always give _______= h2o liquid

Question 13

What is a base

Answer 13

Metal hydroxide/ oxide

React with an acid to give salt and water

Question 14

What is an alkali

Answer 14

A base that is soluble in water

I.e NAOH = na + oh ( dissolve to produce oh- ions)

Question 15

Example of alkali

NAOH
KOH
CA(OH)2
NH3

Answer 15

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Aqueous ammonia

All strong except aq ammonia

Question 16

Properties of bases?

Answer 16

Corrosive
Bitter taste and soapy feel (I.e detergent)
Dissolved in water to form solution that conducts electricity
Has above ph7 to 14
Turns most red litmus paper blue

Question 17

Alkali + ammonium salts

Answer 17

Salt + water + ammonia

Question 18

How to identify ammonia

Answer 18

Colourless, pungent gas that turns moist red litmus paper blue