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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of aqueous acids?

A

. They have a sour taste
. They change blue litmus to red
. They have a pH value of less than 7
. They are corrosive
. They are electrolytes

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2
Q

What is a salt?

A

A salt is a compound formed when some or all of the Hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions

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3
Q

Which acid does not react with reactive metals?

A

Nitric Acid HNO3

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4
Q

What are the reactive metals?

A

. Potassium
. Sodium
. Calcium
. Magnesium
. Aluminium
. Zinc
. Iron
. Lead

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5
Q

What does reactive metal + acid produce?

A

reactive metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

What does exothermic mean?

A

Exothermic means that the reactions become hotter.

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7
Q

What does metal carbonate + acid and metal hydrogencarbonate + acid produce?

A

metal carbonate + acid –> salt + carbon dioxide + water

metal hydrogencarbonare + acid –> salt + carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

What does metal oxide + acid or metal hydroxide + acid produce?

A

metal oxide + acid –> salt + water

metal hydroxide + acid – salt + water

this is a neutralisation reaction

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9
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a proton acceptor

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10
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a proton donor

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11
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An alkali is a base which dissolves in water to form a solution containing OH- ions

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12
Q

What are the properties of aqueous alkalis?

A
  1. They have a bitter taste
  2. They change red litmus to bleu
  3. They have a pH value of more than 7
  4. They are corrosive
  5. They are electrolytes
  6. They feel soapy when touched
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13
Q

Explain the ionisation of acids in water.

A

When an acid is added to water, they ionise i.e, they form ions. Acids always ionise to form H+ ions and negative anions. The H+ ions then become attached to the polar water milecules forming hydronium ions or H3O+ ions

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14
Q

What is an acid anhydride?

A

An acid anhydride is a compound which reacts with water to form an acid.

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15
Q

What is basicity?

A

Basicity is the number of H+ ions produced per molecule of acid when it dissolves in water

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16
Q

What can acids be classified as?

A

They can be classified as being organic or inorganic acids, by their basicity, as being a diluted or concentrated acid, or as being a strong and weak acid.

17
Q

What is an organic acid?

A

Most organic acids contain the carboxyl group i.e. COOH. In these acids it is the hydrogen at the end of the carboxyl group which forms the H+ ion when it dissolves in water.

18
Q

What is an inorganic acid?

A

An inorganic acid contains a non-metallic element or polyatomic group as well as hydrogen.

19
Q

What is a monobasic, dibasic or tribasic acid?

A

A monobasic acid produces one H+ ion per molecule when it dissolves in water.

A dibasic acid produces two H+ ions per molecule when it dissolves in water

A tribasic acid produces three H+ ions per molecule when it dissolves in water.

20
Q

What is a dilute or concentrated acid?

A

A dilute acid is one that contains a lot of water. A concentrated acid is one that contains very little water

21
Q

What is a strong or weak acid?

A

A strong acid is fully ionised when dissolved in water. A weak acid is only partially ionised when dissolved in water

22
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A neutralisation reaction is when an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water

23
Q

What is an alkali.

A

Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis.
An alkali is a base which dissolves in water to form a solution containing OH- ions.

24
Q

What happens to ammonia gas when it is added to water?

A

NH3(g) + H2O <—> NH4(g) + OH-

25
Q

What is a strong and weak alkali?

A

A strong alkali is fully ionized when dissolved in water, a weak alkali is only partially ionised in water.

26
Q

What does base + ammonium salt produce?

A

Base + ammonium salt —> salt + ammonia + water

27
Q

What is the formula for ammonium and ammonia

A

Ammonium = NH4
Ammonia = NH3

28
Q

What is an amphoteric substance?

A

An amphoteric substance is a substance which can react with both acids and with strong alkalis.

Chemistry (6 decks)

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